Inappropriateness of medication prescriptions about chronic kidney disease patients without dialysis therapy in a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital

Figures & data

Figure 1 Ward distribution of enrolled CKD patients.

Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.

Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled CKD patients

Stage of CKD (n, %)	Gender, n (%)		Age, mean ± SD	Medicines used, mean ± SD
	Male	Female
G2 (29, 14.36)	20 (68.97)	9 (31.03)	64.56±15.46	8.46±5.00
G3a (65, 32.18)	45 (69.23)	20 (30.77)	64.54±15.39	8.49±5.02
G3b (45, 22.28)	30 (66.67)	15 (33.33)	64.80±15.45	8.54±5.07
G4 (44, 21.78)	27 (61.36)	17 (38.64)	64.76±15.47	8.45±4.99
G5 (19, 9.40)	8 (42.11)	11 (57.89)	64.12±15.70	8.66±5.12
Total (202, 100)	130 (64.36)	72 (35.64)	64.83±15.46	8.58±5.06

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Inappropriate prescriptions in various severity CKD patients

Stage of CKD (n, %)	Unreasonable dosage, n (%)	Contraindicated used medicines n (%)	Cautiously used medicines, n (%)	Inappropriate medication prescription, n (%)	Total medication prescription (n)
G2 (29, 14.36)	1 (0.57)	1 (0.57)	19 (10.86)	21 (12)	175
G3a (65, 32.18)	16 (3.14)	7 (1.37)	48 (9.41)	71 (13.92)	510
G3b (45, 22.28)	11 (2.79)	5 (1.27)	31 (7.87)	47 (11.93)	394
G4 (44, 21.78)	25 (5.68)	21 (4.77)	48 (10.91)	94 (21.36)	440
G5 (19, 9.40)	3 (1.40)	12 (5.61)	15 (7.01)	30 (14.02)	214
Total	56 (3.23)	46 (2.65)	161 (9.29)	263 (15.18)	1,733

Note: Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the frequency of inappropriate medication prescriptions was positively corrected with the severity of renal insufficiency (P=0.02, r=0.056).

Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.

Figure 2 Therapeutic category of medications with inappropriate prescription in CKD patients.

Notes: (A) Unreasonable dosage medicines; (B) contraindicated used medicines; (C) cautiously used medicines.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Table 3 Top five medicines associated with inappropriate medication prescriptions in CKD patients

Ranking	Frequency (n, %)
	Unreasonable dosage medicines (n=56)	Contraindicated used medicines (n=46)	Cautiously used medicines (n=213)
First	Piperacillin–tazobactam (12, 21.43%)	Acarbose (7, 15.22%)	Carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (17, 7.98%)
Second	Levofloxacin (7, 12.5%)	Metformin (3, 6.52%)	Potassium chloride (16, 7.51%)
Third	Ceftazidime (6, 10.71%)	Lamivudine (3, 6.52%)	Spironolactone (14, 6.57%)
Fourth	Adefovir dipivoxil (3, 5.36%)	Colchicines (3, 6.52%)	Calcium gluconate (10, 4.69%)
Fifth	Entecavir (3, 5.36%)	Rosuvastatin Calcium (2, 4.35%)	Isosorbide mononitrate (8, 3.76%)

Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.