Periodontal ligament injection versus routine local infiltration for nonsurgical single posterior maxillary permanent tooth extraction: comparative double-blinded randomized clinical study

Figures & data

Table 1 Differences in VAS pain scores between experimental and control groups for injection and extraction

	Group	n	Mean VAS	SD	t	P-value*
Injection	PDLa	55	44.44	4.57	14.4	<0.001
	Infiltrationb	55	32.38	4.2
Extraction	PDL	55	22.8	3.93	10.18	<0.001
	Infiltration	55	15.24	3.86

Notes:

a Experimental;

b control.

* Student’s t-test.

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; PDL, periodontal ligament.

Table 2 Differences in VRS data and need for additional injections between experimental and control groups

	Injection technique		P-value
	PDLa (n=55), n (%)	Infiltrationb (n=55), n (%)
VRS
Pain during extraction
Less than expected	0	8 (14.5)	0.003*
As expected	33 (60)	36 (65.5)
More than expected	22 (40)	11 (20)
Acceptability of extraction pain
Acceptable	20 (36.4)	44 (80)	<0.001**
Unacceptable	35 (63.6)	11 (20)
Need for additional injection(s)
Yes	16 (29.1)	6 (10.9)	0.03**
No	39 (70.9)	49 (89.1)

Notes:

a Experimental;

b control;

* χ² test;

** Fisher’s exact test.

Abbreviations: VRS, visual response scale; PDL, periodontal ligament.

Table 3 Differences in VAS scores for injection pain within and among groups of indications for extraction

Indication	Technique	n	Mean	SD	P-value*	Median	χ^2	P-value**
Orthodontic teeth	PDLa	5	43.6	6.69	0.028	47	3.715	0.446
	Infiltrationb	5	32.4	2.07		32
	Total	10	38	7.53		34.5
Periodontitis	PDL	24	44.21	4.65	<0.001	43.5
	Infiltration	9	30.89	4.29		29
	Total	33	40.58	7.51		42
Fractured teeth	PDL	8	44.38	2.2	0.001	45
	Infiltration	7	29.14	4.85		30
	Total	15	37.27	8.62		41
Periapical lesion	PDL	6	45.83	6.62	0.002	45
	Infiltration	8	32.37	2.88		32
	Total	14	38.14	8.31		36
Profound caries	PDL	12	44.58	4.08	<0.001	45.5
	Infiltration	26	33.77	4.22		33
	Total	38	37.18	6.55		34.5
Total	PDL	55	44.44	4.57	0.006	45
	Infiltration	55	32.38	4.2		32
	Total	110	38.41	7.47		38

Notes:

a Experimental;

b control;

* Mann–Whitney;

** Kruskal–Wallis.

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; PDL, periodontal ligament.

Table 4 Differences in VAS scores for extraction pain within and among groups of indications for extraction

Indication	Technique	n	Mean	SD	P-value*	Median	χ^2	P-value**
Orthodontic teeth	PDLa	5	17.2	4.32	0.012	16	16.292	0.003
	Infiltrationb	5	10.2	1.48		10
	Total	10	13.7	4.78		12
Periodontitis	PDL	24	23	2.93	<0.001	23.5
	Infiltration	9	15.22	2.49		15
	Total	33	20.88	4.48		21
Fractured teeth	PDL	8	20.5	2.2	0.002	20
	Infiltration	7	14.43	3.26		15
	Total	15	17.67	4.1		19
Periapical lesion	PDL	6	21.5	2.59	0.011	20.5
	Infiltration	8	14.25	3.77		13.5
	Total	14	17.36	4.91		17
Profound caries	PDL	12	26.92	2.75	<0.001	26
	Infiltration	26	16.73	3.92		15
	Total	38	19.95	5.97		17
Total	PDL	55	22.8	3.93	0.005	23
	Infiltration	55	15.23	3.86		15
	Total	110	19.01	5.43		19

Notes:

a Experimental;

b control;

* Mann–Whitney;

** Kruskal–Wallis.

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; PDL, periodontal ligament.