Preoperative practice of surgical position reduces postoperative pain and discomfort in patients receiving kidney surgeries: a nonrandomized pilot study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of patient selection.

Figure 2 Diagram of the kidney position.

Table 1 Basic information of the practice and the control groups

	Practice group (n=35)	Control group (n=39)	P-value
Male, n (%)	17 (48.6)	20 (51.3)	0.18
Age (years)	40.6±3.9	42.3±4.2	0.56
BMI	24.1±2.9	23.5±3.2	0.76
Preoperative diagnosis, n			0.55
Renal cyst	9	11
Renal tumor	22	21
Renal tuberculosis	0	1
Adrenal tumor	4	6
Operation time (min)	174±72	126±24	0.87
Postoperative analgesia, n			0.64
PCEA	1	2
PCIA	34	36
None	0	1

Note: Data presented as mean±SD unless otherwise specified.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PCEA, patient-controlled epidural analgesia; PCIA, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia.

Table 2 Scores of postoperative pain

Time	Practice group (n=35)	Control group (n=39)	P-value
Postoperative day 1
Wound pain	1.60±0.821	1.76±1.023	0.57
Low back pain	0.40±0.598	1.66±0.974	< 0.0001
Contralateral shoulder pain	0.10±0.308	0.52±0.949	0.03
Postoperative day 2
Wound pain	2.76±0.612	2.88±0.031	0.87
Low back pain	0.90±0.598	2.21±0.974	< 0.0001
Contralateral shoulder pain	0.86±0.308	1.77±0.099	0.02
Postoperative day 3
Wound pain	1.76±0.612	2.01±0.031	0.12
Low back pain	0.30±0.598	2.01±0.784	< 0.0001
Contralateral shoulder pain	0.12±0.091	1.45±0.099	0.01

Notes: Data are scores of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Higher score indicates more pain. Data presented as mean±SD.

Table 3 Scores of postoperative comfort

Time	Practice group (n=35)	Control group (n=39)	P-value
Postoperative day 1
General comfort	80.80±3.67	78.28±5.57	0.06
Physical domain	16.10±1.25	12.86±1.48	< 0.0001
Psychospiritual domain	28.70±3.01	28.66±2.55	0.96
Sociocultural domain	17.65±0.93	17.55±1.97	0.82
Environmental domain	19.80±1.28	19.21±1.80	0.21
Postoperative day 2
General comfort	85.21±3.44	80.28±4.69	0.05
Physical domain	18.10±1.25	13.86±2.58	< 0.0001
Psychospiritual domain	33.70±3.01	30.27±2.55	0.78
Sociocultural domain	19.85±0.86	18.55±1.82	0.44
Environmental domain	21.70±1.21	20.21±1.72	0.32
Postoperative day 3
General comfort	86.34±2.23	82.21±3.71	0.05
Physical domain	19.22±2.34	15.78±3.34	< 0.0001
Psychospiritual domain	36.90±2.12	32.12±2.68	0.07
Sociocultural domain	19.98±1.34	19.35±1.75	0.15
Environmental domain	22.30±1.34	20.34±1.72	0.11

Notes: Data are scores of the shortened General Comfort Questionnaire. Higher score indicates higher comfort. Data presented as mean±SD.