A 10-year retrospective study of alterative aeroallergens sensitization spectrum in urban children with allergic rhinitis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Positive rate (%) of the sIgE of six aeroallergens in children with AR (A). The ascending trend of the positive rate (%) of being allergic to at least one aeroallergen in patients from 2007 to 2016 (B). Change of the positive rates of HDM (C), cat–dog dander (D), and mold (E) in AR children during the past 10 years.

Abbreviations: AR, allergic rhinitis; HDM, house dust mite; OR, odds ratio; sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E.

Table 1 Positive rate (%) of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR by year

Year	Overall	HDMs (%)	Cat–dog dander (%)	Cockroach (%)	Mold (%)	Herb pollen (%)	Tree pollen (%)
Total	3,328	2,698 (81.07)	1,146 (14.72)	490 (14.72)	393 (11.81)	123 (3.70)	201 (6.04)
2007	281	258 (91.81)	83 (29.54)	48 (17.08)	13 (4.63)	10 (3.56)	21 (7.47)
2008	142	132 (92.96)	24 (16.90)	18 (12.68)	8 (5.63)	7 (4.93)	3 (2.11)
2009	153	129 (84.31)	35 (22.88)	23 (15.03)	14 (9.15)	13 (8.50)	6 (3.92)
2010	123	112 (91.06)	23 (18.70)	35 (28.46)	8 (6.50)	11 (8.94)	6 (4.88)
2011	178	145 (81.46)	38 (21.35)	33 (18.54)	22 (12.36)	9 (5.06)	3 (1.69)
2012	212	182 (85.85)	68 (32.08)	38 (17.92)	16 (7.55)	17 (8.02)	13 (6.13)
2013	493	386 (78.30)	188 (38.13)	71 (14.40)	64 (12.98)	12 (2.43)	25 (5.71)
2014	576	472 (81.94)	147 (25.52)	75 (13.02)	54 (9.38)	9 (1.56)	26 (4.51)
2015	579	416 (71.85)	276 (47.67)	86 (14.85)	121 (20.90)	16 (2.76)	33 (5.70)
2016	591	466 (78.85)	264 (44.67)	63 (10.66)	73 (12.35)	19 (3.21)	65 (11.00)
Pearson’s correlation coefficient	0.867**	−0.841††	0.740‡	−0.0355	−0.737§	−0.473	0.446

Notes:

** Refers to the overall positive rate of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR was found correlated with year and P-value was <0.01 but ≥0.001.

†† Refers to the positive rate of HDM sensitization in children with AR was found correlated with year and P-value was <0.01 but ≥0.001.

‡ Refers to the positive rate of cat–dog dander sensitization in children with AR was found correlated with year and P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01.

§ Refers to the positive rate of mold sensitization in children with AR was found correlated with year and P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01.

Abbreviations: AR, allergic rhinitis; HDM, house dust mite.

Figure 2 Positive rate (%) of the sIgE of each aeroallergen in patients with AR by gender (A) and season (B).

Notes: * and ** indicate significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between male and female. * indicates P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01. ** indicates P-value was <0.01 but ≥0.001. ^† and ^††† indicate significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between different seasons. ^† indicates P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01. ^††† indicates P-value was <0.001.
Abbreviations: AR, allergic rhinitis; HDM, house dust mite; sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E.

Table 2 Positive rate (%) of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR by age group

Aeroallergen	Age group	Number of positive detection	Positive rate (%)	OR (95% CI)
				Preschool vs	School-age vs	Adolescent vs
HDM	Infancy and toddler	292	60.58	2.55 (2.11–3.08)***	5.17 (4.25–6.29)†††	5.48 (4.34–6.93)‡‡‡
	Preschool	726	80.22		2.03 (1.71–2.41)§§§	2.15 (1.74–2.67)###
	School-age	1,092	86.80			1.06 (0.86–1.32)
	Adolescent	588	86.09
Cat–dog dander	Infancy and toddler	195	40.46	1.02 (0.82–1.26)	1.10 (0.89–1.35)	0.99 (0.78–1.25)
	Preschool	318	35.14		1.08 (0.91–1.29)	0.97 (0.70–1.20)
	School-age	413	32.83			0.90 (0.74–1.10)
	Adolescent	220	32.21
Cockroach	Infancy and toddler	51	10.58	1.54 (1.08–2.23)*	2.76 (1.99–3.92)†††	2.89 (2.01–4.22)‡‡‡
	Preschool	110	12.15		1.79 (1.40–2.31)§§§	1.87 (1.40–2.51)###
	School-age	213	16.93			1.05 (0.81–1.34)
	Adolescent	116	16.98
Mold mixture	Infancy and toddler	52	10.78	1.37 (0.97–1.96)	1.59 (1.14–2.24)††	1.46 (1.01–2.13)‡
	Preschool	110	12.15		1.58 (0.89–1.51)	1.06 (0.78–1.45)
	School-age	150	11.92			0.92 (0.68–1.22)
	Adolescent	81	11.86
Tree pollen mixture	Infancy and toddler	24	4.98	1.44 (0.78–2.89)	1.87 (1.03–3.65)†	2.19 (1.12–4.48)‡
	Preschool	44	4.86		1.29 (0.81–2.10)	1.52 (0.88–2.62)
	School-age	90	7.15			1.17 (0.71–1.89)
	Adolescent	43	6.30
Herb pollen mixture	Infancy and toddler	17	3.53	1.25 (0.75–2.14)	2.07 (1.31–3.43)††	1.73 (1.02–2.99)‡
	Preschool	32	3.54		1.66 (1.15–2.42)§§	1.38 (0.89–2.14)
	School-age	47	3.74			0.83 (0.56–1.20)
	Adolescent	27	3.95

Notes:

Notes: *and ^*** indicates significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between Preschool and Infancy and toddler.

* indicates P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01.

*** indicates P-value was <0.001. ^†,†† and ^††† indicates significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between School-age and Infancy and toddler.

† indicates P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01.

†† indicates P-value was <0.01 but ≥0.001.

††† indicates P-value was <0.001. ^‡ and ^‡‡‡ indicates significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between Adolescent and Infancy and toddler.

‡ indicates P-value was <0.05 but ≥0.01.

‡‡‡ indicates P-value was <0.001. ^§§ and ^§§§ indicates significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between School-age and Preschool.

§§ meant P-value was <0.01 but ≥0.001.

§§§ indicates P-value was <0.001. ^### indicates significant differences of the positive rates of aeroallergens sensitization in children with AR could be found between Adolescent and Preschool.

### indicates P-value was <0.001.The positive rates within this table equaled the numbers of patients of a certain age group sensitizing to one specific allergen divided to the numbers of patients of this age group.

Abbreviations: AR, allergic rhinitis; HDM, house dust mite; OR, odds ratio.