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Review

Management and outcomes of pregnancy with or without lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Pages 885-901 | Published online: 11 May 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram demonstrating the study selection process.

Figure 1 Flow diagram demonstrating the study selection process.

Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Outcomes reported, SLE diagnostic criteria, lupus nephritis diagnostic criteria, disease activity rates, and flare definition upon study enrollment in the studies included for analysis

Figure 2 Maternal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.

Abbreviations: SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; LN, lupus nephritis; aPL+, antiphospholipid antibodies positive; APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; anti-SSA/Ro+, anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A/Ro autoantibodies positive.
Figure 2 Maternal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.
Figure 2 Maternal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.
Figure 2 Maternal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.

Table 3 Results of meta-analysis

Table 4 Sensitivity analyses

Figure 3 Fetal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.

Abbreviations: SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; LN, lupus nephritis; LBW, low birth weight; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; SGA, small for gestational age.
Figure 3 Fetal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.
Figure 3 Fetal outcomes observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.

Figure 4 Antenatal management observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.

Abbreviations: SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; LN, lupus nephritis.
Figure 4 Antenatal management observed in pregnant women with SLE with lupus nephritis versus those without lupus nephritis.

Figure 5 Funnel plot of the association between lupus nephritis and maternal outcomes.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; aPL+, antiphospholipid antibodies positive; APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; anti-SSA/Ro+, anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A/Ro autoantibodies positive; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
Figure 5 Funnel plot of the association between lupus nephritis and maternal outcomes.

Figure 6 Funnel plot of the association between lupus nephritis and fetal outcomes.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; LBW, low birth weight; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; SGA, small for gestational age.
Figure 6 Funnel plot of the association between lupus nephritis and fetal outcomes.

Figure 7 Funnel plot of the association between lupus nephritis and antenatal management.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio.
Figure 7 Funnel plot of the association between lupus nephritis and antenatal management.