Bibliometric analysis of global research on the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury in the past two decades

Figures & data

Figure 1 Trends in the count of scholarly publications related to rehabilitation of spinal cord injury from 1997 to 2016.

Table 1 The top 10 active journals that published literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury research from 1997 to 2016

Ranking	Journal	Frequency	Times cited	Times cited (per article)	IF 2016
1	Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation	1,112	30,558	27.48	3.289
2	Spinal Cord	807	15,534	19.25	1.87
3	Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine	303	3,870	12.77	1.633
4	Disability and Rehabilitation	166	2,533	15.26	1.804
5	Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development	157	3,399	25.47	1.277
6	Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine	107	1,579	14.76	1.681
7	American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation	104	2,030	19.52	1.734
8	Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair	83	3,138	37.81	4.107
9	Journal of Neurotrauma	66	1,388	21.03	5.19
10	Physical Therapy	61	2,071	33.95	2.764

Abbreviation: IF, impact factor.

Figure 2 Maps of references cited by the literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury from 1997 to 2016 and maps of the cited journals that published the references. (A) Co-citation network map of cited journals. (B) Cluster map of cited journals. (C) Co-citation network map of references. (D) Cluster map of references. The smaller the number, the more nodes the clustering contains.

Abbreviation: SCI Rehab, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation.

Figure 3 Maps of researchers who published literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury from 1997 to 2016. (A) Co-authorship map of authors. (B) Cluster map of authors. (C) Co-authorship map of institutions. (D) Cluster map of institutions. (E) Co-authorship map of countries. The smaller the number, the more nodes the clustering contains.

Abbreviations: EMG, electromyography; ICF, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Univ, university.

Figure 4 Citation history of the top authors, top institutions, and top countries that published literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury from 1997 to 2016.

Abbreviation: Univ, University.

Table 2 The top 10 active authors who published literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury research from 1997 to 2016

Ranking	Frequency	Author	Institution	Times cited (per article)
1	131	Post MWM	University of Groningen	19.81
2	114	Van der Woude LHV	University of Groningen	18.56
3	78	De Groot S	University of Groningen	12.7
4	58	Krause JS	Medical University of South Carolina	36.82
5	52	Heinemann AW	Northwestern University	12.05
6	51	Boninger ML	University of Pittsburgh	21.27
7	50	Craven BC	University of Toronto	18.10
8	49	Curt A	Balgrist University Hospital	30.14
9	46	Dijkers MPJM	Wayne State University	40.55
10	44	Whiteneck G	Craig Hospital	36.06

Table 3 The top 10 active institutions and countries that published literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury research from 1997 to 2016

Ranking	Frequency	Institution	Frequency	Country
1	205	University of Washington	2,347	USA
2	188	Northwestern University	638	Canada
3	172	University of British Columbia	365	The Netherlands
4	164	Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago	361	Switzerland
5	152	University of Toronto	305	Australia
6	119	University of Pittsburgh	251	England
7	106	University of Miami	214	Germany
8	105	University of Sydney	208	Italy
9	103	University of Groningen	169	Japan
10	101	Case Western Reserve University	160	China

Table 4 The largest 10 clusters of the references co-citation network

Cluster	Size	Silhouette	Mean year	Label
0	105	0.823	1995	Life satisfaction
1	102	0.885	1998	Neurological population (or central pattern generation)
2	77	0.785	2005	Outcome measure (or cellular transplant)
3	76	0.829	2009	Gait rehabilitation
4	75	0.924	2008	Psychometric characteristics
5	49	0.876	1996	Chronic pain
6	42	0.9	1994	ASIA score
7	35	0.906	1999	Nosocomial urinary tract infection
8	28	0.996	2008	SCI Rehab Project
9	26	0.965	1996	Cervical spondylosis

Abbreviations: ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association; SCI Rehab, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation.

Table 5 The top 10 active references cited by the literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury from 1997 to 2016

Ranking	Times cited	Reference	Journal information	Cluster
1	131	Reference for the 2011 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury^Citation22	J Spinal Cord Med, V34, P547	3
2	124	Weight-supported treadmill vs over-ground training for walking after acute incomplete SCI^Citation23	Neurology, V66, P484	2
3	97	Effectiveness of automated locomotor training in patients with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a multicenter trial^Citation24	Arch Phys Med Rehabil, V86, P672	2
4	90	International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association^Citation25	Spinal Cord, V35, P266	9
5	83	Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey?^Citation4	Spinal Cord, V44, P523	2
6	76	International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury^Citation26	J Spinal Cord Med, V26, P50	2
7	62	Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests^Citation27	Arch Phys Med Rehabil, V86, P190	2
8	61	Multicenter randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of the Lokomat in subacute stroke^Citation28	Neurorehabil Neural Repair, V23, P5	3
9	61	WHO (2001)^Citation41	Not applicable	11
10	58	Guidelines for the conduct of clinical trials for spinal cord injury as developed by the ICCP panel: spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury and statistical power needed for therapeutic clinical trials^Citation29	Spinal Cord, V45, P190	2

Abbreviations: SCI, spinal cord injury; ICCP, International Campaign for Cures of Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis.

Figure 5 Maps of keyword co-occurrence and term co-occurrence in literature on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury from 1997 to 2016. (A) The keyword co-occurrence network map. (B) The keyword co-occurrence cluster map. (C) The keyword co-occurrence cluster map in timeline view. (D) The term co-occurrence cluster map. The smaller the number, the more nodes the clustering contains.

Abbreviations: SCI Rehab, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation; ICF, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Table 6 The largest 10 clusters of the keyword co-occurrence network

Cluster	Size	Silhouette	Mean year	Label
0	23	0.831	2000	Muscle strength change
1	23	0.856	2002	Wheelchair propulsion
2	21	0.792	2002	Motor-incomplete tetraplegia (or brain–machine interface)
3	21	0.978	2004	Voluntary wheel running (or environmental enrichment)
4	20	0.770	1998	Spinal cord injury patient (or urinary management)
5	19	0.902	1999	Treadmill locomotion
6	19	0.896	1998	SCI Rehab Project series
7	19	0.875	1999	Short form (or psychometric characteristics)
8	15	0.873	1997	Current issue (and spasticity management)
9	14	0.836	1998	New muscle synergies

Abbreviation: SCI Rehab, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation.

Table 7 The largest 10 clusters of the term co-occurrence network

Cluster	Size	Silhouette	Mean year	Label
0	56	0.837	2002	Spinal cord injury patient
1	36	0.845	2001	SCI Rehab Project
2	35	0.887	2000	Longitudinal analysis
3	32	0.830	2002	Physical performance
4	29	0.882	2001	Spinal cord injury medicine
5	22	0.838	1998	Health status (or life satisfaction)
6	22	0.898	1999	Training program (or ambulation system)
7	21	0.769	1999	Chronic pain
8	18	0.897	2003	ICF core set
9	17	0.904	2002	Young adult (or motor system)

Abbreviations: SCI Rehab, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation; ICF, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

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