Factors associated with union time of acute middle-third scaphoid fractures: an observational study

Figures & data

Figure 1 The Herbert classification of middle-third fractures: B1 distal oblique fracture and B2 complete waist fracture.

Table 1 Classification of type B scaphoid fractures according to the Herbert classification

Type B fractures	Acute unstable fractures
B1 fracture	Distal oblique fracture
B2 fracture	Displaced or mobile fractures of waist

Table 2 Comparison of variables between early union and late union patients with scaphoid fractures

Variable	Early union group	Late union group	P-value
Number	89	43
Age (years)	24.8±5.3	25.2±4.8	0.676
Gender			0.655
Male	68	35
Female	21	8
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.1±6.4	25.4±6.1	0.271
Smoking			0.852
Yes	37	17
No	52	26
Side of injury			0.853
Left	42	19
Right	47	24
Dominant hand			0.712
Yes	49	22
No	40	21
Late diagnosis			0.036
Yes	9	11
No	80	32
Ulnar variance			0.685
Yes	25	14
No	64	29
Multiple fractures			0.728
Yes	6	4
No	83	39
Herbert classification			0.089
B1	14	2
B2	75	41
Treatment			0.015
Operative	52	15
Nonoperative	37	28

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictive factors associated with late union in acute scaphoid fractures

Variable	OR	CI	P-value
Late diagnosis	1.247	1.022–1.521	0.012
Herbert B1 type fracture	0.894	0.789–1.012	0.176
Conservative treatment	1.615	1.031–2.528	0.026

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.