Changes in cardiovascular risk and clinical outcomes in a HIV/AIDS cohort study over a 1-year period at a specialized clinic in Mexico

Figures & data

Table 1 Description of the characteristics among PLWH stratified by CVR at baseline

Variables	PLWH (n=460), n (%)	Low CVR (n=388), n (%)	High CVR (n=72), n (%)	P-value
Treatment				0.396
NRTI + PI	256 (55.7)	215 (55.4)	41 (56.9)
NRTI + NNRTI	185 (40.2)	159 (4.1)	26 (36.1)
NRTI + II	2 (0.4)	1 (0.3)	1 (1.4)
Others	17 (3.7)	13 (3.4)	4 (5.6)
Treatment with ABC as backbone				0.193
NRTI/ABC + PI	14 (3.0)	6 (1.3)	9 (12.5)
NRTI/ABC + NNRTI	8 (1.7)	6 (1.5)	2 (2.8)
MS risk factors				<0.001
Without	52 (11.3)	50 (12.9)	2 (2.8)
1 and 2	306 (66.5)	270 (69.6)	36 (50.0)
3 and 4	97 (21.1)	66 (17.0)	31 (43.1)
5	5 (1.1)	2 (0.5)	3 (4.2)
Current cigarette smoking				<0.001
Yes	91 (19.8)	69 (17.8)	22 (30.6)
No	369 (80.2)	319 (82.2)	50 (69.4)
Antihypertensive treatment				<0.001
Yes	71 (15.4)	39 (10.1)	32 (44.4)
No	389 (84.6)	349 (90.0)	40 (55.6)
T2DM treatment				<0.001
Yes	35 (7.6)	14 (3.6)	21 (29.2)
No	425 (92.4)	374 (96.4)	51 (70.8)
Lipid-lowering treatment				<0.001
Yes	219 (47.6)	177 (45.6)	42 (58.3)
No	241 (52.4)	211 (54.4)	30 (41.7)
CVD events				0.680
Yes	12 (2.6)	6 (1.6)	6 (8.3)
No	448 (97.4)	382 (98.5)	66 (91.7)

Notes: P-values between the low and high CVR groups were calculated with Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. MS risk factors, according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria.

Abbreviations: ABC, abacavir; ATP, Adult Treatment Panel; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVR, cardiovascular risk; II, integrase inhibitor; MS, metabolic syndrome; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-NRTI; PI, protease inhibitor; PLWH, people living with HIV; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 1 Distribution of CVR changes in the study population; CVR according to the ASCVD risk estimator.

Notes: a, at baseline; b, after a 1-year period; P, calculated with Student’s t-test.
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CVR, cardiovascular risk; PLWH, people living with HIV.

Table 2 Metabolic and clinical parameters during the study of CVR assessment in PLWH

Variables	Low CVR			High CVR
	n	Median	IQR	n	Median	IQR
CD4^+ T cell (cells/mm^3)	388a	540.5	381.3–756.2	72a	522.5	380.8–867.8
	388b	553	389–719.3	72b	585.5	399–812.5
	P-value	0.422			0.745
FG (mg/dL)	388a	91	85–98	72a	94.5	87.3–115
	388b	93	87.3–100	72b	98	91–117
	P-value	<0.001c			0.032c
TC (mg/dL)	388a	167.5	144–195	72a	170	146.5–211.5
	388b	173	149–196	72b	168	134–189.5
	P-value	0.004c			0.061
HDL-C (mg/dL)	80a	44.5	36.3–54.8	11a	28	33–60
Women	85b	43	36–51	11b	53	35–57
	P-value	0.168			0.214
HDL-C (mg/dL)	302a	37	32–43.25	62a	35	31.8–43.3
Men	302b	38	31–44	62b	37.5	30–43
	P-value	0.426			0.871
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	388a	181	135–265	72a	201.5	152.3–282.5
	388b	180	126–248	72b	173	131.5–256
	P-value	0.053			0.006c
Systolic BP (mmHg)	388a	113	104–120	72a	125	128–137
	388b	120	110–120	72b	120	110–124
	P-value	0.001c			<0.001c
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	388a	70	63–79.75	72a	75	70–80
	388b	74	69.25–80	72b	75	66.5–80
	P-value	<0.001c			0.122

Notes: P-values were calculated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

a Baseline.

b After a 1-year period.

c Statistical significance.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CVR, cardiovascular risk; FG, fasting glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; PLWH, people living with HIV; TC, total cholesterol.

Table 3 Metabolic and clinical changes among PLWH with extreme CVR changes

Variables	Low CVR (high increase in CVRa)			High CVR (high decrease in CVRb)
	n=20	Median	IQR	n=11	Median	IQR
CD4^+ T cell (cells/mm^3)	20c	506.5	285.3–785.3	11c	531	432–928
	20d	577	277.8–893.3	11d	576	453–814
	P-value	0.263			0.534
FG (mg/dL)	20c	98	90.5–109.3	11c	92	86–112
	20d	100	84–111.5	11d	99	96–124
	P-value	0.076			0.286
TC (mg/dL)	20c	164	136.5–199	11c	188	178–226
	20d	187	160–211	11d	163	134–188
	P-value	0.026e			0.006e
HDL-C (mg/dL)	20c	33	30–39.5	11c	35	32–40
	20d	35	28.8–40.3	11d	35	29–42
	P-value	0.747			0.609
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	20c	219	167.3–337.3	11c	298	157–403
	20d	223	175–320.8	11d	176	146–259
	P-value	0.658			0.026e
Systolic BP (mmHg)	20c	116.4	107.8–129.3	11c	126	121–137
	20d	124.5	115.5	11d	120	110–124
	P-value	0.015e			0.003e
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	20c	74	61.25–80	11c	80	78–90
	20d	80	70.5–90	11d	80	70–80
	P-value	0.034e			0.046e

Notes: P-values were calculated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

a <7.5% change to ≥7.5% from low CVR to high CVR at follow-up.

b ≥7.5% change to <7.5% from high CVR to low CVR at follow-up.

c Baseline.

d After 1-year period.

e Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CVR, cardiovascular risk; FG, fasting glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; PLWH, people living with HIV; TC, total cholesterol.