The effect of diabetes on perioperative complications following spinal surgery: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of the study selection process.

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Author	Study design	Diagnosis	Operative interventions	Sample size		Mean age (years)		NOS
				DM	Non-DM	DM	Non-DM
Appaduray and Lo 2013^Citation10	Retrospective	Lumbar spondylolisthesis/spinal stenosis/scoliosis	Decompression/fusion	115	444	66.5	54	7
Arinzon et al 2004^Citation13	Retrospective	Lumbar spinal stenosis	Decompression	62	62	70.5	72.4	7
Arnold et al 2014^Citation12	Prospective	Cervical spondylotic myelopathy	Decompression	42	236	60.12	55.66	8
Armaghani et al 2016^Citation14	Prospective	NS	Decompression/fusion	434	571	61	56	8
Browne et al 2007^Citation8	Retrospective	NS	Fusion	11,135	186,326	48.96		5
Chen et al 2009^Citation15	Retrospective	NS	Fusion	30	165	NS	NS	6
Cho et al 2012^Citation16	Retrospective	Thoracolumbar deformity	Spine corrective operation	23	23	61.1	59.2	8
Cook et al 2008^Citation9	Retrospective	Cervical spondylotic myelopathy	Fusion	3,432	34,300	60.48	54.23	7
Dokai et al 2012^Citation17	Retrospective	Cervical spondylotic myelopathy	Laminoplasty	13	65	72	71.1	7
Freedman et al 2011^Citation18	Retrospective	Lumbar spondylolisthesis/spinal stenosis	Discectomy/decompression	117	1,464	NS	NS	7
Glassman et al 2003^Citation19	Retrospective	NS	Fusion	94	43	63	59	6
Golinvaux et al 2014^Citation20	Retrospective	NS	Decompression/fusion	2,437	13,043	NS	NS	7
Guzman et al 2014^Citation11	Retrospective	Degenerative disease	Decompression/fusion	423,050	2,145,944	NS	NS	8
Hikata et al 2014^Citation21	Retrospective	Degenerative disease/vertebral fracture/scoliosis	Fusion	36	309	64.3	63.8	7
Kawaguchi et al 2000^Citation6	Retrospective	Cervical spondylotic myelopathy	Laminoplasty	18	34	65.7	64.8	6
Kim et al 2015^Citation22	Prospective	NS	Decompression/fusion	6,268	28,650	NS	NS	8
Kim et al 2008^Citation23	Retrospective	Cervical spondylotic myelopathy	Laminoplasty	31	56	64.7	61.1	7
Liao et al 2006^Citation24	Retrospective	Degenerative spondylolisthesis	Fusion	39	298	60–70	60–70	7
Machino et al 2014^Citation25	Prospective	Cervical spondylotic myelopathy	Laminoplasty	115	444	66.5	54	7
Maloney et al 2017^Citation26	Retrospective	Lumbar disc herniation	Discectomy	126	126	59	59	6
Sharma et al 2013^Citation27	Retrospective	NS	Decompression/fusion	111	97	62	63	7
Silverstein et al, 2016^Citation28	Retrospective	Degenerative disease/vertebral fracture/scoliosis	Lumbar decompression	30	182	NS	NS	7
Simpson et al 1993^Citation29	Retrospective	Lumbar disc herniation/spinal stenosis	Decompression/fusion	62	62	63	63	6
Takahashi et al 2013^Citation30	Retrospective	Lumbar disc herniation/spinal stenosis	Decompression/fusion	41	124	70.9	68	8

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; NS, not state.

Figure 2 Forest plot showing blood loss.

Figure 3 Forest plot showing operation time.

Figure 4 Forest plot showing length of hospital stay.

Figure 5 Forest plot showing mortality.

Abbreviation: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 6 Forest plot showing reoperation.

Abbreviation: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 7 Forest plot showing infection.

Abbreviation: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 8 Forest plot showing deep venous thrombosis.

Abbreviation: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

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