Associated factors for depressive disorder in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram for the study enrollment and completion for CAPD patients.

Abbreviation: CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of 108 patients with end-stage renal disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Demographics and clinical data	n (%) or mean (SD)
	All (n=108)	With depression (n=12)	Without depression (n=96)
Male	56 (52%)	9 (75%)	47 (49%)
Age (years)	53.4 (11.2)	51.2 (13.8)	53.7 (10.8)
Education level
Primary school or lower	83 (77%)	9 (75%)	74 (77%)
Higher than primary school	25 (23%)	3 (25%)	22 (23%)
Marriage status
Single/divorced/separated	21 (19%)	3 (25%)	18 (19%)
Married/living together	87 (81%)	9 (75%)	78 (81%)
Having attendant: yes	106 (98%)	12 (100%)	106 (98%)
Occupation
Unemployed	65 (60%)	7 (58%)	58 (60%)
Employed	43 (40%)	5 (42%)	38 (40%)
Annual income (US dollar)
<1,850	87 (80%)	10 (83%)	77 (80%)
≥1,850	21 (20%)	2 (17%)	19 (20%)
Type of medical bills payment
Reimbursement	16 (15%)	2 (17%)	14 (15%)
Others	92 (85%)	10 (83%)	82 (85%)
Having financial problem: yes	51 (48%)	8 (67%)	43 (45%)
Time since diagnosis (months)	29.0 (44.3)	23.0 (34.7)	29.7 (45.4)
Treatment duration (months)	13.4 (7.9)	15.7 (7.9)	13.2 (7.9)
Have a codisease	95 (88%)	11 (92%)	84 (87%)
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus	39 (36%)	5 (42%)	34 (35%)
Heart disease	16 (15%)	2 (17%)	14 (15%)
Hypertension	72 (67%)	9 (75%)	63 (66%)
Other	50 (46%)	8 (67%)	42 (44%)
Biological marker levels in the blood\1
BUN (mg/dL)	47.1 (15.5)	46.5 (12.9)	47.2 (15.9)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	10.6 (3.6)	9.6 (1.9)	10.7 (3.8)
K (mEq/dL)	3.7 (0.8)	3.5 (0.9)	3.8 (0.8)
Hemoglobin (gm%)	11.3 (1.6)	11.0 (1.4)	11.4 (1.6)
Hematocrit (%)	34.3 (4.8)	34.0 (4.6)	34.3 (4.8)
Number of treatment (cycles per day)
1–3	29 (27%)	1 (8%)	28 (29%)
≥4	79 (73%)	11 (92%)	68 (71%)
Succumbed to infection from treatment	37 (34%)	6 (50%)	31 (32%)
Infection from treatment
Peritonitis	25 (68%)	5 (83%)	20 (64%)
Infection exit side	16 (43%)	2 (33%)	14 (45%)
Have an assistant in daily life	15 (14%)	1 (8%)	14 (15%)
Change solution by themselves	93 (86%)	11 (92%)	82 (85%)
Plan for treatment in the future\1
Maintenance dialysis	106 (99%)	12 (100%)	94 (99%)
Renal transplantation	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	1 (1%)

Note:

\1 One patient did not answer the questions about Plan for treatment in the future.

Abbreviation: BUN, blood urea nitrogen.

Table 2 Univariable logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors for depression in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Variables	n/N (%)	Univariable analysis
		OR	95% CI	P-valuea
Gender
Male	9/56 (16%)	3.13	0.80–12.26	0.102
Female	3/52 (6%)	1.00	–	–
Age (years)
<55	5/58 (9%)	1.00	–	–
≥55	7/50 (4%)	1.73	0.51–5.82	0.379
Education level
Primary school or lower	9/83 (11%)	1.00	–	–
Higher than primary school	3/25 (12%)	1.12	0.28–4.50	0.872
Marriage status
Single/divorced/separated	3/21 (14%)	1.44	0.35–5.88	0.608
Married/living together	9/87 (10%)	1.00	–	–
Occupation
Unemployed	7/65 (11%)	1.00	–	–
Employed	5/43 (12%)	1.09	0.32–3.69	0.889
Annual income (US$)
<1,850	10/87 (11%)	1.23	0.25–6.11	0.797
≥1,850	2/21 (10%)	1.00	–	–
Type of medical bill payment
Reimbursement	2/16 (13%)	1.17	0.23–5.92	0.848
Others	10/92 (11%)	1.00	–	–
Have financial problems
No	4/57 (7%)	1.00	–	–
Yes	8/51 (16%)	2.47	0.67–8.74	0.162
Time since diagnosis (months)
<12	6/27 (19%)	3.57	1.04–12.23	0.043*
≥12	6/81 (4%)	1.00	–	–
Treatment duration (months)
<12	2/39 (5%)	1.00	–	–
≥12	10/69 (14%)	3.14	0.65–15.11	0.154
Having a codisease
No	1/13 (8%)	1.00	–	–
Yes	11/95 (12%)	1.57	0.19–13.28	0.678
Biological marker levels in blood
BUN (mg/dL)
≤20	0/2 (0%)
>20	12/105 (11%)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
≤1.21	0/0 (0%)
>1.21	12/107 (11%)
K (mEq/dL)
≤5.2	11/101 (11%)	1.00	–	–
>5.2	1/6 (17%)	1.64	0.17–15.32	0.666
Hemoglobin (gm%)
≤12.75	11/88 (13%)	2.57	0.31–21.23	0.380
>12.75	1/19 (5%)	1.00	–	–
Hematocrit (%)
≤36.85	9/77 (12%)	1.19	0.30–4.74	0.804
>36.85	3/30 (10%)	1.00	–	–
Number of treatment cycles per day
1–3	1/29 (3%)	1.00	–	–
≥4	11/79 (14%)	4.53	0.56–36.76	0.157
Succumbed to infection from treatment
No	6/71 (8%)	1.00	–	–
Yes	6/37 (16%)	2.10	0.63–7.03	0.230
Have an assistant in daily life
No	11/93 (12%)	1.88	0.22–15.71	0.561
Yes	1/15 (7%)	1.00	–	–
Change solution by themselves
No	1/15 (7%)	1.00	–	–
Yes	11/93 (12%)	1.88	0.22–15.71	0.561

Notes:

a P-values from logistic regression.

* Significantly different.

Abbreviation: BUN, blood urea itrogen.

Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors for depression in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Variables	Adjust OR (95% CI)	Coefficient	SE	Z	P-valuea
Male	2.23 (0.52–9.62)	0.80	0.746	1.08	0.282
Having financial problems	2.72 (0.69–10.67)	1.00	0.697	1.44	0.151
Time since diagnosis: <12 months	3.57 (1.04–12.23)	1.27	0.628	2.03	0.043
Treatment duration: ≤12 months	3.89 (0.77–19.72)	1.36	0.828	1.64	0.101
Number of treatment: ≤4 cycles per day	6.39 (0.74–55.25)	1.85	1.101	1.68	0.092
Succumbed to infection from peritoneal dialysis	1.36 (0.32–5.83)	0.31	0.742	0.42	0.677
Constant		−2.53	0.424	−5.95	<0.001

Note:

a P-values from multivariable logistic regression.

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.