Dose-independent influence of metoprolol on cardiac and motor functions, QoL, and mental status in Chinese patients with CHF

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Abbreviations: CBI, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; CHF, chronic heart failure; HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale.

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Patient characteristics, N=154	N (%) or mean ± SD
Age (median, years)	66.39
Men	101 (65.58)
Women	53 (34.41)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	115 (74.67)
Diabetes mellitus	101 (65.58)
Coronary artery disease	99 (64.28)
Stroke	137 (88.96)
Cardiac disease family history	54 (35.06)
Smoking	111 (72.07)
Alcohol	86 (55.84)
History of MI	59 (38.31)
BMI, kg/m^2	23.85±3.62
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	73.9±26.8
NYHA class III/IV	145 (94.15)
Concomitant medications at baseline
ACEIs/ARBs	150 (97.40)
Diuretics	145 (94.15)
Digoxin	114 (74.02)
Antithrombotic agents	146 (94.80)

Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.

Table 2 Impact of dose on HR, SBP, EF, and CI

Groups (n)	Baseline	Month 1	Month 3	Month 6	Month 12
HR
Dose 47.5 mg	84.59±7.12 (1)	–	–	–	65.03±3.47 (1.3E–20)
Dose 118.75 mg	81.12±6.06 (1)	–	–	–	64.59±2.99 (1.1E–39)
SBP
Dose 47.5 mg	124.35±13.60 (1)	–	–	–	122.83±7.12 (0.55)
Dose 118.75 mg	127.01±13.18 (1)	–	–	–	122.70±6.53 (0.01)
EF
Dose 47.5 mg	39.35±5.93 (1)	35.73±7.19 (0.02)	35.00±4.55 (0.0007)	48.08±3.9 (3.5E–10)	51.41±3.75 (3.3E–15)
Dose 118.75 mg	37.13±5.79 (1)	34.56±5.51 (0.006)	36.27±5.25 (0.34)	47.35±4.67 (9.6E–23)	50.08±4.36 (1.8E–31)
CI
Dose 47.5 mgDose 118.75	1.82±0.22 (1)	1.69±0.27 (0.02)	2.29±0.21 (5.4E–14)	2.62±0.18 (3.7E–26)	2.76±0.23 (8.9E–28)
mg	1.78±0.20 (1)	1.74±0.29 (0.35)	2.24±0.20 (4.5E–29)	2.61±0.19 (4.9E–57)	2.68±0.27 (2.5E–49)

Abbreviations: CI, cardiac index; EF, ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 3 Impact of dose on motor function and QoL

Groups (n)	Baseline	Month 1	Month 3	Month 6	Month 12
6MWT
Dose 47.5 mg	362.16±36.51 (1)	350.89±32.48 (0.16)	349.68±35.78 (0.14)	402.76±20.72 (2.2E–07)	420.65±19.97 (1.0E–11)
Dose 118.75 mg	368.96±33.74 (1)	334.18±31.07 (1.1E–09)	354.77±32.38 (0.01)	398.84±21.56 (2.6E–09)	417.74±20.69 (5.6E–19)
VSAQ
Dose 47.5 mg	6.43±1.02 (1)	5.03±1.03 (1.1E–07)	5.69±1.14 (0.004)	7.97±1.08 (2.1E–08)	8.49±0.96 (3.1E–13)
Dose 118.75 mg	6.56±1.09 (1)	4.90±0.82 (3.8E–19)	5.40±0.92 (8.9E–11)	7.71±1.09 (1.8E–09)	8.19±0.95 (2.1E–17)
SF-8
Dose 47.5 mg	43.97±2.27 (1)	40.00±1.47 (9.6E–13)	41.59±2.03 (1.0E–05)	48.95±1.25 (1.1E–16)	51.97±1.88 (8.4E–26)
Dose 118.75 mg	43.99±2.91 (1)	39.08±1.90 (6E–23)	42.26±2.26 (8.9E–05)	48.85±1.20 (1.2E–23)	52.34±2.06 (4.5E–42)
MLHFQ
Dose 47.5 mg	74.08±3.85 (1)	88.24±3.37 (1.9E–26)	86.35±5.14 (1.1E–17)	63.95±4.18 (9.1E–17)	53.51±10.67 (2.0E–14)
Dose 118.75 mg	74.04±3.86 (1)	89.18±4.38 (1.5E–48)	86.93±4.88 (1.1E–37)	64.32±3.32 (1.0E–34)	53.41±7.35 (4.8E–41)

Abbreviations: 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; SF-8, 8-item short-form questionnaire; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; QoL, quality of life; VSAQ, Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire.

Table 4 Impact of dose on mental status

Groups (n)	Baseline	Month 1	Month 3	Month 6	Month 12
HADS depression
Dose 47.5 mg	8.76±2.83 (1)	9.68±2.70 (0.15)	9.68±2.70 (0.15)	9.73±2.66 (0.13)	10.00±2.55 (0.05)
Dose 118.75 mg	8.92±2.82 (1)	10.04±3.02 (0.02)	10.15±3.01 (0.01)	10.18±2.93 (0.008)	9.92±2.49 (0.02)
HADS anxiety
Dose 47.5 mg	8.19±2.09 (1)	8.08±2.02 (0.82)	7.11±1.20 (0.008)	7.05±1.05 (0.004)	6.97±1.01 (0.002)
Dose 118.75 mg	8.23±2.05 (1)	8.20±1.99 (0.93)	7.09±1.09 (5.2E–05)	7.07±1.02 (2.9E–05)	7.15±0.95 (7.7E–05)
CBI-equally
Dose 47.5 mg	59.24±6.74 (1)	59.57±6.80 (0.83)	61.82±9.34 (0.17)	62.05±9.56 (0.14)	61.15±9.42 (0.31)
Dose 118.75 mg	59.46±6.63 (1)	59.85±7.12 (0.72)	60.98±8.77 (0.23)	61.04±8.74 (0.21)	61.34±9.14 (0.15)

Abbreviations: CBI, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; HADS, hospital anxiety and depression scale.