Fentanyl vs fentanyl-dexmedetomidine in lumbar foraminotomy surgery

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of treatment (Fen [control] and Fen-Dex [test]) on: (A) visual analog scale (VAS) score (p=0.001), (B) morphine requirement (p=0.001), (C) time to first request for analgesia (minutes) (p=0.001), (D), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (p=0.339) and (E), heart rate (HR) (p=0.767).

Abbreviations: Fen group, fentanyl group; Fen-Dex group, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine group.

Table 1 Demographic parameters of groups of patients

Variable	Fen group (n=20)	Fen-Dex group (n=20)
Gender: male (female)	11 (9)	10 (10)
Age (years)^a	51 [50–52.3] (49–53)	50 [49–53.3] (48–55)
Body mass (kg)^b	71.0±2.6	69.0±2.6
Heart rate (beats/min)^a	70.5 [69–74.3] (67–75)	72 [69–75] (67–75)
MAP (mmHg)^a	88.5 [77.0–90.3] (71–92)	89 [80–90] (70–90)

Notes: ^aMedian [interquartile] (range). ^bMean ± SD.

Abbreviations: MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; Fen group, fentanyl group; Fen-Dex group, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine group.

Table 2 Time to first request for analgesia in PACU, the cumulative requested doses of morphine, VAS score, HR, and MAP^a

Parameter	Fen group (n=20)	Fen-Dex group (n=20)	p-value
Time to first request for dose of analgesia in PACU (minutes)	17.1 [15.3–18.1] (14.3–19.1)	23.7 [22.9–24.8] (21.3–25.7)	0.001, S
Morphine dose (mg, 24 hours)	60.1 [59.1–61.0] (58.1–62.2)	45.1 [43.7–46.9] (42.3–48.1)	0.001, S
VAS score (24 hours)	5 [5–5] (4–8)	3.5 [3–4] (3–5)	0.001, S
HR (beats/min)	68 [67–70] (63–71)	67.5 [65–70] (64–75)	0.767, NS
MAP (mmHg)	77.5 [77–80] (76–81)	80 [79.3–80] (75–81)	0.339, NS

Note: ^aData are expressed as the median [interquartile] (range).

Abbreviations: PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; VAS, visual analog scale; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; Fen group, fentanyl group; Fen-Dex group, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine group; S/NS, significant/non-significant.

Table 3 Nausea and vomiting over the first 24-hour postoperative period

Nausea and vomiting status	Fen group (n=20)(n=20)	Fen-Dex group (n=20)	p-value^a
No	6	15	0.0044
Yes	14	5

Note: ^aSignificantly reduced nausea and vomiting in Fen-Dex group vs Fen group.

Abbreviations: Fen group, fentanyl group; Fen-Dex group, fentanyl-dexmedetomidine group.