Therapeutic Approaches to Gastric Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma: Current Perspectives

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Patients with Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach (HAS)

Author, Year	Origin & Time Period	Number of Pts.	Study Type	Serum AFP	M:F Ratio	Age at Diagnosis, Years (Range)	Location of the Primary Tumor	Tumor Size (Cm)	Gross Classification (Bormann I-IV)	Metastases	Survival
Ishikura et al 1986^Citation19	Japan	7	Retrospective; several institutions	↑ in all	4:3	Median 63 (44–77)	Fundus 1; whole stomach 1; antrum 5	Median 7 (5–12)	I=14.3% II=71.4% III=14.3%	None 2; liver, lung, and LN 5	N/A
Adachi et al 2003^Citation14	Japan 1982–2001	270	Cases reported in the Japanese literature	↑ in 77% (I.e, >100 ng/mL)	2.8:1	68% ≥60 yr	Cardia and body antrum	N/A	N/A	LN 83%; liver 33%	Median 14 mo; 5-yr survival rate 22%; after curative gastrectomy: median 29 mo; 5-yr survival rate 42%
Liu et al 2010^Citation21	China 1996–2007	45	Retrospective; single institution		3.5:1	58% ≥60 yr			0/I=6.7% II=4.4% III=82.2% IV=6.7%	Liver 75.6%	1-, 3-, and 5-yr overall survival rates were 30%, 13%, and 9%, respectively
Inoue et al 2010^Citation20	Japan 1992–2001	53	Retrospective; single institution	↑ in 71.7% (i.e., > 40 ng/mL)	4.9:1	Median 61 (27–84)	Cardia 19%; body 38%; antrum 43%	N/A	0/I=8% II=49% III=32% IV=9% Unclassified=2%	Stage IV 47%; LN mets. 87; liver mets. • synchr. 17% • metachr. 36%	5-yr survival rate 34%
Zhang et al 2011^Citation15	China 1998–2009	20	Retrospective; single institution	Mostly not tested	4:1	Median 60 (40–81)	Cardia 50%; body 10%; antrum 40%	N/A	I=5% II=35% III=35% Missing=25%	None 15; liver and celiac 5	Median 12 mo (2–99); 3-yr survival rate 17.2%
Su et al 2013^Citation23	Worldwide 2001–2011	182	Literature review	↑ in 87.5%	3.2:1	Mean 63.3±12.8 (28–100)	N/A	N/A	N/A	Liver (48.8%); lung (2.9%); other (5.2)	N/A
Yang et al 2014^Citation5	China 2005–2012	31	Retrospective; single institution	↑ in 87.1%	2.1:1	Mean 51.2±20.8 (32–87)	Cardia 10; body 12; antrum 1	N/A	I=3.2% II=6.5% III=9.7 Missing=67.8%	LN 25.8%; distant mets. 54.8%	Median 6 mo; 3-yr survival rate 22.6%
Lin et al 2015^Citation22	North Taiwan 2001–2010	10	Retrospective; single institution	↑ in 70%	3:2	Median 65.5 (46–77)	Cardia 1; body 4; angle 2; antrum 3	N/A	I=30% II=10% III=66%	87.1% either LN or distant mets.	Median 7.2 mo (0.7–131.8); 5-yr survival rate 20% (40% in those undergoing chemotherapy)
Qu et al 2016^Citation16	China 1987–2016	180	Systematic review of reported cases from China	↑ in 87.2% (i.e., > 40 ng/mL)	3.2:1	Median 61	Fundus 14; body 41; antrum 96; various 29	N/A	N/A	N/A	Median 10 mo; 3-yr survival rate 7.36%
Fujimoto et al 2018^Citation18	Japan 2004–2017	16	Retrospective; single institution	N/A	1.7:1	Median 78 (58–87)	Upper 3rd 5; middle 3rd 6; lower 3rd 5	N/A	I=25% II=18.8% III=56.2%	4 (25%) with distant mets.	N/A
Zeng et al 2018^Citation4	China 2010–2016	34 from a single institution and 294 from a literature review	Retrospective; single institution and literature review	(n=93)* ↑ in 64.5% (ie, >300 ng/mL)	(n=305)* 3.4:1	Median 63 (12–100)	(n=252)* Cardia 20.6%; body 31.3%; antrum 45.6%; gastric remnant and fundus 2.5%	Median 5.5 (1.5–20)	(n=143)* I =12.6% II=16.1% III=68.5% IV=2.8%	(n=121)* Liver 78.5%; lung 11.6%; peritoneum 6.6%; spleen and brain 3.3%	(n=122)* 1-, 3-, and 5-yr disease-free survival rates were 51.3.%, 26.2%, and 20.7%, respectively

Note: *Information on this specific variable was missing for a large proportion of patients.

Figure 1 Differences in survival among the three groups (AFPPGC, HAS and CGC).

Notes: Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Reproduced from Liu X, Sheng W, Wang Y. An analysis of clinicopathological features and prognosis by comparing hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with AFP-producing gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2012;106(3):299–303.¹⁷
Abbreviations: AFPPGC, AFP producing gastric cancer; HAS, hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach; CGC, common gastric cancer.

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