Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as an early new marker in AIV-H7N9-infected patients: a retrospective study

Figures & data

Table 1 Univariate analyses of variables during the early stage of disease between the survival group and the fatal group.

Variables	Total population (N=237)	Survival group (N=163)	Fatal group (N=74)	P-value
Age (years)	56.42 (15.84)	54.03 (15.32)	61.69 (15.79)	0.00
Male-n (%)	168 (70.89%)	119 (73.00%)	49 (66.22%)	0.29
Coexisting disease-n (%)	133 (56.12%)	89 (54.60%)	44 (59.46%)	0.57
Hypertension	97 (40.93%)	64 (39.02%)	33 (44.59%)	0.48
Diabetes	40 (16.88%)	24 (14.72%)	16 (21.62%)	0.20
Coronary heart disease	27 (11.39%)	17 (10.43%)	10 (13.51%)	0.51
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  Chronic renal disease  Cancers*  Chronic liver disease  Cerebrovascular disease	11 (4.64%) 9 (3.8%) 6 (2.53%) 2 (0.84%) 2 (0.84%)	5 (3.07%) 6 (3.68%) 4 (2.45%) 2 (1.22%) 2 (1.22%)	6 (8.11%) 3 (4.05%) 2 (2.70%) 0 (0.00%) 0 (0.00%)	0.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Current smoker-n (%)	55 (23.20%)	38 (23.17%)	17 (22.97%)	1.00
Time from symptom onset to NAIs administration (days): median (IQR)	6.00 (4.00, 8.00)	6.00 (4.00,8.00)	6.00 (5.00,10.00)	0. 11
Time from symptom onset to diagnosis (days): median (IQR)	7.00 (5.00, 9.00)	7.00 (5.00,9.00)	7.00 (5.00,10.00)	0.25
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)	150.71 (103.24)	172.10 (109.66)	104.96 (68.93)	0.00
CRP (mg/L)	88.16 (65.21)	80.22 (62.60)	105.65 (67.84)	0.01
WBC (109/L)	5.46 (4.44)	4.91 (2.80)	6.65 (6.66)	0.03
N (109/L)	4.46 (4.02)	3.85 (2.51)	5.78 (5.97)	0.01
L (109/L)	0.61 (0.57)	0.67 (0.59)	0.50 (0.51)	0.03
NLR	10.29 (12.16)	7.36 (4.98)	16.74 (19.02)	0.00
Hb (g/L)	129.67 (21.13)	131.27 (18.15)	126.11 (26.41)	0.13
PLT (109/L)	132.60 (65.27)	135.77 (67.79)	125.53 (59.09)	0.27
Cr (µmol/L)	98.49 (123.26)	88.46 (115. 49)	120.47 (137.03)	0.08
Shock-n (%)	87 (36.71%)	30 (18.40%)	57 (77.02%)	0.00
Treatment
Administration of oseltamivir or peramivir-n (%)	237 (100%)	163 (100%)	74 (100%)	0.31
Mechanical ventilation-n (%)	118 (49.79%)	49 (30.06%)	69 (93.24%)	0.00
Intravenous immune globulin therapy-n (%)	82 (34.75%)	49 (30.06%)	33 (44.59%)	0.04
Continuous renal replacement therapy-n (%)	46 (19.41%)	14 (8.59%)	32 (43.24%)	0.00
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-n (%)	28 (11.81%)	12 (7.36%)	16 (21.62%)	0.00
Li’s non-bioartificial liver-n (%)	23 (9.70%)	14 (8.59%)	8 (10.81%)	0.63
Secondary infection-n (%)	131 (55.27%)	85 (52.15%)	46 (62.16%)	0.20

Note: *Cancers included leukemia and lymphoma.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; SE, standard error; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the NLR taken within 24 h and other biomarkers for 180-day fatality.

Abbreviation: AUC, area under the curve.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier analyses of the NLR ≥19.94 group and the NLR <19.94 group in patients infected with the AIV-H7N9 influenza virus.

Abbreviation: NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of independent outcomes predictor in AIV-H7N9-infected patients.

Index	B	SE	Wald	Sig.	Exp(B)	95.0% CI for Exp(B)
						Lower	Upper
Age	0.027	0.014	3.942	0.047	1.028	1.000	1.056
PaO2/FiO2	−0.002	0.003	0.247	0.619	0.998	0.992	1.005
CRP	−0.002	0.003	0.290	0.591	0.998	0.992	1.005
Shock	1.611	0.461	12.206	0.000	5.006	2.028	12.357
NLR	0.079	0.029	7.408	0.006	1.082	1.022	1.145
Mechanical ventilation	1.899	0.585	10.547	0.001	6.680	2.123	21.015
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	−0.061	0.573	0.011	0.915	0.941	0.306	2.894
Continuous renal replacement therapy	1.341	0.484	7.669	0.006	3.823	1.480	9.878
Intravenous immune globulin therapy	0.667	0.457	2.131	0.144	1.948	0.796	4.767
Constant	−5.465	1.199	20.766	0.000	0.004

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; SE, standard error.

Availability of data and materials

The dataset used and analyzed during this study is available from the corresponding author upon request.