The radial augmentation index in children with Kawasaki disease without acute coronary artery lesions during the convalescent period

Figures & data

Figure 1 Radial artery waveform.

Abbreviations: rAI, radial artery augmentation index; P2, systolic peak pressure 2; P1, systolic peak pressure 1.

Figure 2 Data including procedure.

Table 1 Subject characteristics

	Control (mean ± SD)	KD (mean ± SD)	p-value
Age (years)	11.22±2.73	10.54±2.66	0.060*
Height (cm)	145.27±17.42	138.72±17.19	0.005*
Male proportion (%)	71/123 (57.7%)	63/102 (61.8%)	0.539^†
Body weight (kg)	38.14±11.83	33.69±11.45	0.009*
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	103.12±8.18	103.11±8.89	0.884*
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	60.60±8.47	62.63±6.49	0.048*
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	42.52±7.63	40.48±7.92	0.059*
rAI	56.63±14.44	62.51±14.41	0.003*
rAI@75	57.60±16.15	66.00±15.92	<0.001*

Notes: ^†Pearson Chi-square test was used. *Mann–Whitney U test was used.

Abbreviations: KD, Kawasaki disease; rAI, radial artery augmentation index; rAI@75, radial artery augmentation index adjusted to heart rate in 75 bpm.

Figure 3 Linear correlation between rAI and height.

Figure 4 Linear correlation between rAI@75 and height.

Abbreviations: KD, Kawasaki disease; rAI, radial artery augmentation index; rAI@75, radial artery augmentation index adjusted to heart rate in 75 bpm.

Table 2 Multivariable linear regression analysis for rAI

	Standard coefficient	p-value
Age (per year)	0.009	0.945
Body weight (per kg)	0.156	0.382
Sex (male vs female)	−0.088	0.093
Height (per cm)	−0.763	<0.001***
KD history (KD vs control)	0.092	0.086

Note: ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: KD, Kawasaki disease; rAI, radial artery augmentation index.

Table 3 Multivariable linear regression analysis for rAI@75

	Standard coefficient	p-value
Age (per year)	−0.118	0.305
Body weight (per kg)	0.072	0.635
Sex (male vs female)	−0.115	0.010*
Height (per cm)	−0.664	<0.001***
KD history (KD vs control)	0.133	0.004**

Notes: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: KD, Kawasaki disease; rAI, radial artery augmentation index; rAI@75, radial artery augmentation index adjusted to heart rate in 75 bpm.

Figure 5 Comparison of rAI and rAI@75 after matching HT and sex.

Abbreviations: rAI, radial artery augmentation index; rAI@75, radial artery augmentation index adjusted to heart rate in 75 bpm.

Table 4 Paired t-test after matching height and sex (1:1)

	Control (mean ± SD)	KD (mean ± SD)	p-value
Age (years)	10.86±2.73	11.25±2.59	0.151
BSA (m^2)	1.20±0.25	1.19±0.24	0.352
BMI (kg/m^2)	17.14±2.08	17.09±1.99	0.861
Heart rate (bpm)	77.80±13.14	81.37±13.63	0.116
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	101.54±6.82	103.63±8.05	0.103
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	59.78±7.03	62.15±5.98	0.059
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	41.76±7.72	41.49±8.23	0.847
rAI	54.56±13.17	60.63±13.77	0.028*
rAI@75	55.68±14.86	63.61±15.21	0.003**

Notes: *p<0.05, **p<0.01

Abbreviations: KD, Kawasaki disease; rAI, radial artery augmentation index; rAI@75, radial artery augmentation index adjusted to heart rate in 75 bpm.

Table 5 Multivariable regression analysis for rAI and rAI@75 in KD subjects

	Mean±SD	Range	β (rAI)	p-value (rAI)	β (rAI@75)	p-value (rAI@75)
Height (cm)	138.72±17.19	104–176	−0.542	<0.001	−0.641	<0.001
Sex (male proportion)	63/102	61.76%	−0.198	0.027**	−0.203	0.011**
White blood cell (10^9/L)	13.64±5.36	4.92–35.42	−0.069	0.484	−0.04	0.65
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	7.36±6.02	0.3–27.64	−0.011	0.919	−0.008	0.936
Intravenous immunoglobulin (nonresponder proportion)	21/102	20.5%	0.181	0.085*	0.112	0.232
Fever duration (days)	6.55±1.82	3–10	−0.198	0.056*	−0.2	0.031**

Notes: *p<0.1, **p<0.05.

Abbreviations: KD, Kawasaki disease; rAI, radial artery augmentation index; rAI@75, radial artery augmentation index adjusted to heart rate in 75 bpm.

Availability of data and materials

The primary data are open access on figshare and the DOI is as follows:

https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6689660