Increased Surgical Duration Associated With Prolonged Hospital Stay After Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Figures & data

Figure 1 STROBE diagram of included and excluded cases of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [29889 = arthroscopically aided posterior cruciate ligament augmentation or reconstruction, 29888 = arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament repair/augmentation or reconstruction, 27405 = repair of torn collateral ligament or capsule, 27427 = extra-articular ligamentous reconstruction (augmentation), 27428 = open, extra-articular ligamentous reconstruction (augmentation), 27407 = repair of torn cruciate ligament or capsule].

Table 1 Major And Minor Perioperative Complications Analyzed Within NSQIP Database

Major Complications		Minor Complications
Death	Unplanned re-intubation	Superficial surgical infection	Urinary tract infection
Sepsis	Acute renal failure	Pneumonia	Deep vein thrombosis
Deep surgical infection	Cardiac arrest	Peripheral nerve injury	Progressive renal insufficiency
Wound dehiscence	Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary embolism	Cerebrovascular accident
Ventilator use >48 hrs	Graft failure
Return to operating room

Table 2 Baseline Patient And Operative Characteristics Of Patients Undergoing PCL Reconstruction

	N = 249 Patients
Age
<30	137 (55.0%)
31–40	53 (21.3%)
41–50	46 (18.5%)
>50	13 (5.2%)
Female %	55 (22.1%)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)
Non-obese (< 30)	168 (67.5%)
Obese I (30–34.9)	49 (19.7%)
Obese II (35–39.9)	23 (9.2%)
Obese III (> 40)	9 (3.6%)
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	4 (1.6%)
Smoking history	43 (17.3%)
COPD	0 (0%)
Hypertension	14 (5.6%)
Preoperative corticosteroid use	1 (0.4%)
Anesthesia type
General	233 (93.6%)
Regional	16 (6.4%)
Operative duration (mins)
< 120	90 (36.1%)
≥ 120	159 (63.9%)
Dependent functional status	1 (0.4%)
ASA Class
I	124 (49.8%)
II	117 (47.0%)
III or IV	8 (3.2%)

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PCL, posterior cruciate ligament.

Table 3 Independent Risk Factors For Adverse Outcomes By Multivariate Logistic Regression

Variable	Overnight Hospital Stay
	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age
<30	Reference	–
31–40	0.77 (0.35–1.68)	0.512
41–50	1.51 (0.68–3.36)	0.316
>50	1.32 (0.30–5.91)	0.714
Female %	0.58 (0.25–1.32)	0.194
Body mass index (kg/m^2)
Non-obese (< 30)	Reference	–
Obese I (30–34.9)	2.04 (0.98–4.25)	0.058
Obese II (35–39.9)	1.65 (0.54–5.08)	0.382
Obese III (> 40)	1.78 (0.37–8.56)	0.470
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	0.12 (0.01–3.17)	0.201
Smoking history	1.32 (0.58–2.98)	0.508
COPD	–	–
Hypertension	0.63 (0.14–2.78)	0.540
Preoperative corticosteroid use	–	–
Anesthesia type
General	2.70 (0.80–9.11)	0.109
Regional
Operative duration (minutes)
<120	Reference	–
≥120	5.04 (2.44–10.40)	< 0.001^†
Dependent functional status
ASA Class
I	Reference	–
II	1.31 (0.66–2.59)	0.437
III or IV	8.80 (1.03–78.85)	0.042

Notes: ^†Significance defined as p < 0.0042 after Bonferroni correction, significant values are in bold.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.