Incidence Of Clostridium difficile Infection And Associated Risk Factors Among Hospitalized Children In Qatar

Figures & data

Table 1 Incidence Of Clostridium difficile By Demographic And Other Clinical Characteristics

Mean ±SD	n/N	Percent Incidence (95% CI)	P-value
Overall Age Group	23/200	11.6 (7.6, 16.5)
≤ 5 years	13/92	14.1 (8.1, 22.4)
5 to 10 years	8/59	13.6 (6.5, 24.1)
> 10 years  Age (years) 6.4±3.4; range (2, 14)	2/49	4.1 (0.69, 12.8)	0.172
Sex
Male	19/142	13.4 (8.5, 19.7)
Female	4/58	6.9 (2.2, 15.8)	0.192
Antibiotic exposure
Yes	13/51	22.5 (15, 38.7)
No	10/149	6.7 (3.5, 11.6)	<0.001
Prolonged LOS
Yes	13/45	28.9 (17.1, 43.3)
No	10/155	6.5 (3.3, 11.2)	<0.001
Chemo& immunosuppressant
Yes	10/68	14.7 (7.7, 24.7)
No	13/132	9.8 (5.6, 15.9)	0.308
PPI
Yes	10/64	15.6 (8.2, 26.1)
No	13/136	9.6 (5.4, 15.4)	0.210
H2 blocker
Yes	5/42	11.9 (4.5, 24.4)
No	18/158	11.4 (7.1, 17.1)	0.926
Enteral feeding
Yes	7/21	33.3 (15.9, 55.1)
No	16/179	8.9 (5.4, 13.8)	0.001
Recent abdominal surgery
Yes	1/6	16.7 (0.83, 59.1)
No	22/194	11.3 (7.4, 16.4)	0.687
Malignancy
Yes	7/54	13 (5.8, 24)
No	16/146	11 (6.6, 16.8)	0.693
IBD
Yes	0/54	0 (0, 31.2)
No	23/146	12 (7.9, 17.2)	0.298
CVD
Yes	1/5	20 (1, 66.6)
No	22/195	11.3 (7.4, 16.3)	0.546
Immunodeficiency
Yes	4/15	26.7 (9.1, 52.5)
No	19/185	10.3 (6.5, 15.3)	0.056

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LOS, length of stay; chemo, chemotherapy; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SD, standard deviation; n/N, n for positive/negative cases, N for total number of each group.

Figure 1 Common antibiotics used prior to C. difficile infection.

Table 2 Association Of Various Predictors And Risk Factors With Clostridium difficile: Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis

	Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR)	95% CI For OR	P-value
Age Group
5 years	3.9	0.84, 17.9	0.084
5 to 10 years	3.7	0.75, 18.2	0.110
>10 years†	1.0
Sex
Male	2.1	0.68, 6.4
Female†	1.0		0.200
Antibiotic exposure	4.8	1.9, 11.7	0.001
Prolonged LOS	5.9	2.4, 14.6	<0.001
Chemo& Immunosuppressant	1.6	0.65, 3.8	0.311
PPI	1.8	0.72, 4.2	0.214
H2 blocker	1.1	0.37, 3.1	0.926
Enteral feeding	5.1	1.8, 14.4	0.002
Recent abdominal surgery	1.6	0.18, 14.1	0.689
Malignancy	1.2	0.47, 3.1	0.694
CVD	2.1	0.21, 18.4	0.553
Immunodeficiency	3.2	0.92, 11.1	0.067

Note: †Subjects in this category served as the reference group.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LOS, length of stay; chemo, chemotherapy; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Table 3 Association Of Various Predictors And Risk Factors With Clostridium difficile: Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis

	Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR)	95% CI For OR	P-value
Antibiotic exposure	9.2	2.6, 32.4	0.001
Prolonged LOS	7.2	2.2, 23.6	0.001
Enteral feeding	7.2	1.7, 31.3	0.008

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; LOS, length of stay.