Efficacy and Safety of Epilepsy Surgery for Older Adult Patients with Refractory Epilepsy

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics and Characteristics of Patients >50 Years Old Who Underwent Epilepsy Surgery (N=32)

Gender (female) [n] (%)	18 (56)
Age at onset [years] median, mean (range)	24, 32.6±21.4 (1–68)
Age at surgery [years] median, mean (range)	55, 56.1±5.1 (50–68)
Epilepsy duration [years] median, mean (range)	28, 23.4±18.5 (<1-52)
Follow-up [years] median, mean (range)	2, 2.7±2.0 (<1–8)

Table 2 Detailed Surgical Procedures (N=52)

Resective epilepsy surgery [n] (%)	16 (30.7)
Electrodes insertion [n] (%)	15 (28.8)
Tumor removal [n] (%)	6 (11.5)
VNS implantation [n] (%)	10 (19.2)
VNS replacement [n] (%)	2 (3.8)
Corpus Callosotomy [n] (%)	3 (5.8)

Table 3 Neurological Deficits and Complications

Total 6 Cases (n=6/52: 11.5%)
Permanent deficits	2 (3.8%)
Transient deficits & asymptomatic	4 (7.7%)
Intracranial hematoma	4
Hematoma removal	(2)
Observation	(2)
Cerebral infarction	1
Hydrocephalus	1
Invasive procedures
Electrodes insertion	4
Resective epilepsy surgery	1
Wada test	1

Table 4 Detailed Seizure Outcomes Using the ILAE Seizure Outcome Scale and Histopathology of Surgical Specimens

N=16	Temporal	Frontal	Multilober	Total
ILAE Class I	8		1	9 (56.3%)
Class II	1			1 (6.3%)
Class III	1		1	2 (12.5%)
Class IV	2	1	1	4 (25%)
	12 (75%)	1 (6.3%)	3 (18.8%)
Histopathology				15
HS				3 (20%)
HS+AVM				1 (6.7%)
AVM				1 (6.7%)
FCD				3 (20%)
Gliosis				1 (6.7%)
Non specific				6 (40%)