Risk Factors for Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Children with Recent Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Single-Center-Based Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Recruitment flow chart.

Table 1 Comparison of Basic Characteristics by Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Event (RAE) Status^a

	RAEs (n = 23)	No RAEs (n = 244)	P
Age (years)	4.52 ± 3.57	5.2 ± 3.12	0.31^b
<1	3 (17.6%)	14 (82.4%)	0.17^c
≥1	20 (8.0%)	230 (92.0%)
Sex
Male	18 (10.0%)	163 (90.0%)	0.26^d
Female	5 (5.8%)	81 (94.2%)
Preoperative chest image
Abnormal	6 (35.3%)	11 (64.7%)	0.001^c
Pneumonia	3	1
Bronchiolitis	3	10
Normal	17 (6.8%)	233 (93.2%)
URI symptom-free period (days)	4 [2–13]	5 [3–10]	0.30^e
0 (still have symptoms)	4 (14.8%)	23 (85.2%)	0.27^c
≥1 (no symptomS)	19 (7.9%)	221 (92.1%)
Underlying respiratory disease
Yes	1 (3.4%)	28 (96.6%)	0.49^c
Allergic rhinitis	0	17
Asthma	1	11
No	22 (9.2%)	216 (90.8%)
Operation including airway
Yes	4 (6.9%)	54 (93.1%)	0.79^c
No	19 (9.1%)	190 (90.9%)
Intubation
Yes	22 (8.4%)	239 (91.6%)	0.42^c
No	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)
LMA	1	2
Facial mask	0	3
Emergency operation
Yes	6 (18.2%)	27 (81.8%)	0.05^c
No	17 (7.3%)	217 (92.7%)

Notes: ^aValues are mean ± SD, median [IQRs], or frequency (%), unless otherwise indicated. P-value was calculated from the ^bt-test or ^eMann–Whitney U-test for the numerical data. P-value was calculated from the ^dChi-square test or ^cFisher’s exact test for the categorical data.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 The Effects of Risk Factors on Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Event

Variables	Unadjusted Analysis		Adjusted Analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P	AOR (95% CI)^a	P
Age (years)
<1	3.07 (0.56–16.99)	0.19	2.54 (0.42–15.5)	0.31
1–4	1.33 (0.35–5.06)	0.68	1.12 (0.27–4.60)	0.88
5–8	1.27 (0.31–5.16)	0.74	1.44 (0.32–6.38)	0.63
9–13 (Referent)	1.00		1.00
Female (reference: male)	0.56 (0.20–1.56)	0.27
URI symptom-free period (days)
0 (Referent)	1.00		1.00
1–6	0.64 (0.19–2.16)	0.47	0.57 (0.15–2.13)	0.40
7–13	0.20 (0.03–1.16)	0.07	0.13 (0.02–0.88)	0.04
14–28	0.56 (0.11–2.73)	0.47	0.51 (0.09–2.81)	0.44
≥29	0.48 (0.08–2.87)	0.42	0.36 (0.05–2.64)	0.31
Operation including airway	0.74 (0.24–2.27)	0.60
Abnormal preoperative chest image	7.48 (2.46–22.68)	<0.001	7.60 (2.28–25.30)	0.001
Underlying respiratory disease	0.35 (0.05–2.70)	0.32
Intubation	0.46 (0.05–4.12)	0.49
Emergency operation	2.84 (1.03–7.81)	0.04	2.71 (0.86–8.52)	0.09

Notes: ^aResults present adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. These odds ratios and 95% CI were adjusted for patient age, URI symptom-free period, abnormal preoperative chest image and emergent operation.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.