Delays to Hospital Presentation in Women and Men with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multi-Center Analysis of Patients Hospitalized in New York City

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Clinical and Demographic Variables

Variable	Women (n=53)	Men (n=165)	p-value
Mean age (± standard deviation)	68.7 (13.1)	60.7 (13.8)	<0.01
Hypertension	68%	63%	<0.01
Diabetes Mellitus	26%	13%	0.04
Prior Myocardial Infarction	12%	13%	0.8
Prior Revascularization	9%	17%	<0.2
Prior Cerebrovascular Accident	10%	5%	0.8
Current Smoker	15%	23%	0.43
Nighttime presentation	22%	30%	0.29
Hispanic Ethnicity	32%	25%	0.49
Race			0.01
White	55%	67%
Black	42%	22%
Other	3%	11%
Education			<0.01
College diploma and above n (%)	15%	49%
High School diploma n (%)	79%	45%
No High School Diploma n (%)	6%	6%
Uninsured n (%)	25%	11%	0.91
Employment Status			0.04
Employed n (%)	23%	46%
Unemployed n (%)	31%	23%
Retired n (%)	46%	31%
Disabled n (%)	0%	0%

Table 2 Thoughts and Actions Prior to Hospital Arrival

Variable	Women (n=53)	Men (n=165)	p-value
Atypical Symptoms	62%	36%	<0.01
Shortness of Breath	49%	22%
Gastro-Intestinal Symptoms	18%	27%
Other (Non Chest Pain) Symptoms	33%	51%
Subjective opinion event was an AMI	15%	34%	<0.01
Called Doctor	6%	10%	0.19
Called family/friend	51%	36%	<0.05
Called 911	83%	83%	0.99
Called 911 First	38%	50%	0.40
Hesitated before going to hospital	81%	61%	<0.01
Reason for Hesitation:			0.04
Did not know it was an AMI	91%	83%
Other (including lack of insurance)	2%	8%
No family member available	7%	9%

Abbreviation: AMI, Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate Predictors of S2P Time > 90 Minutes

Variables	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p value
Age –years	1.01 (0.99 −1.03)	0.23	1.01 (0.98 −1.03)	0.60
Female Sex	2.31 (1.16–4.59)	0.02	2.46 (1.10 −5.60)	0.03
White Race (vs Black or other races)	0.91 (0.51–1.62)	0.76	1.27 (0.66–2.47)	0.47
Diabetes mellitus	0.72 (0.34 −1.52)	0.39	0.55 (0.23 −1.29)	0.17
Education
College and above (ref)
At least high school diploma	4.43 (1.14–17.29)	0.03	3.58 (0.83–15.42)	0.09
Less than high school	4.97 (1.25–19.71)	0.02	7.21 (1.59–32.75)	0.01
Insured	0.69 (0.28–1.70)	0.42	0.48 (1.18–1.30)	0.15
Employment
Employed (ref)
Unemployed	1.54 (0.75–3.17)	0.24	1.57 (0.68–3.63)	0.30
Retired/disabled	1.26 (0.67–2.38)	0.47	1.30 (0.54–3.15)	0.56
Atypical symptoms	0.93 (0.53–1.62)	0.79	0.68 (0.35–1.34)	0.27
Subjective opinion event was not an AMI	1.82 (1.00–3.33)	0.05	2.44 (1.20–5.00)	0.01

Abbreviation: AMI, Acute Myocardial Infarction.