Management Practice and Drug Related Problems and Its Contributing Factors Among Cervical Cancer Patients at Oncologic Center in Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Cervical Patients at FHCSH

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent (%)
Age	25–40	45	24.5
	41–50	55	29.9
	≥51	84	45.6
Residence	Rural	80	43.5
	Urban	104	56.5
Histological cell type	Squamous Cell Carcinoma	163	88.6
	Adenocarcinoma	13	7.1
	Not documented	8	4.3
Clinical FIGO stage	Stage I	9	4.9
	Stage II	71	38.6
	Stage III	74	40.2
	Stage IV	30	16.3
Recurrence status	Yes	20	10.9
	No	164	89.1
Metastasis status	Yes	30	16.3
	No	154	83.7
Sites of metastasis	Liver	11	36.7
	Lung	7	23.3
	Lung + liver	6	20
	Rectum	3	10
	Bone	2	6.7
	Brain	2	6.7
Co-morbidity status	Yes	50	27.2
	No	134	72.8
List of co-morbidities	Hydronephrosis	9	30
	Hypertension	8	26.7
	Retroviral disease	6	20
	Deep vein thrombosis	5	16.7
	Urinary tract infection	5	15.7
	Chronic kidney disease	4	13.3
	Pneumonia	4	13.3
	Obstructive uropathy	3	10
	Cholestasis	2	6.7
	Diabetes mellitus	2	6.7
	Asthma	1	3.3
	Hyperthyroidism	1	3.3
Complication status	Yes	47	25.5
	No	137	74.5
List of complications	Hydronephrosis	19	40.4
	Anemia	14	29.8
	Hydronephrosis + anemia	4	8.5
	Acute kidney injury	4	8.5
	Septic shock	3	6.4
	UVP	3	6.4

Abbreviations: FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; UVP, uterovaginal prolapse.

Table 2 Medication Regimens of Patients with Cervical Cancer

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent (%)
Number of medications	<5	81	44
	≥5	103	56
Prophylactic antiemetic regimens	Metoclopramide and dexamethasone	58	31.5
	Ondansetron and dexamethasone	38	20.7
	Ondansetron	23	12.5
	Metoclopramide	17	9.2
	No-antiemetics given	48	26.1
Analgesics regimens	Morphine	52	28.3
	Paracetamol	37	20.1
	Tramadol	32	17.4
	Diclofenac	30	16.3
	Ibuprofen	14	7.6
	Analgesic not given	19	10.3
Treatment modalities	Chemotherapy	124	67.4
	Chemotherapy + Surgery	20	10.9
	Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy	10	5.4
	Radiotherapy	9	4.9
	Surgery	4	2.2
	None	17	9.2

Figure 1 Types of regimens used in the management of cervical cancer at FHSCH.

Table 3 Categories of Drug-Related Problems Among Patients with Cervical Cancer at FHCSH

Types of DRPs	Frequency	Percent (%)
Adverse drug reaction	59	27.3
Drug interaction	54	25
Need for additional drug therapy	48	22.2
Dose to low	34	15.7
Medication use without indication	16	7.4
Overdosage	5	2.3

Figure 2 Severity of drug interactions among patients with cervical cancer at FHCSH (n = 54).

Table 4 Types of Adverse Drug Reactions in Cervical Cancer Patients (n = 59)

Types of Adverse Drug Reaction	Frequency	Percent (%)
Nausea	34	57.6
Vomiting	31	52.5
Leucopenia	22	37.3
Dizziness	17	28.8
Neutropenia	11	18.6
Constipation	3	5.1
Thrombocytopenia	1	1.7

Table 5 Univariable and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Predictors of Drug-Related Problems

Variables		Univariable An COR (95% CI)	p-value	Multivariable Analysis AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age	25–40	1		1
	41–50	0.58 (0.28–1.21)	0.147	0.47 (0.55–1.03)	0.056
	≥51	1.23 (0.62–2.44)	0.550	0.92 (0.39–2.19)	0.858
Co-morbidity	Yes	2.39 (1.22–4.71)	0.011	4.23 (1.78–10.05)	0.001
	No	1		1
Complications	Yes	3.46 (1.68–7.13)	0.001	2.99 (1.28–6.99)	0.011
	No	1
Stage of cancer	I	0.61 (0.12–3.16)	0.555	0.41 (0.07–2.77)	0.363
	II	0.20 (0.04–1.00)	0.050	0.14 (0.02–0.90)	0.038
	III	0.06 (0.01–0.38)	0.003	0.04 (0.01–0.32)	0.003
	IV	1		1
Number of medications	<5	1		1
	≥5	4.35 (2.33–8.12)	0.001	5.1 (2.38–10.95)	<0.001