Research on the Influence of the Allogeneic Bone Graft in Postoperative Recovery After MOWHTO: A Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Analysis of Differences in Baseline Data Between Patients with and without Bone Grafting (n=65)

	Allograft Group (n=30)	Non-Filling Group (n=35)	Test Statistic	p-Value
Age (years)	53.27±5.24	50.86±8.56	1.390^a	0.170
Side			0.453^b	0.501
Left	20	26
Right	10	9
Gender			0.258^b	0.612
Male	17	22
Female	13	13
Height (m)	1.62±0.06	1.65±0.08	−1.480	0.144
Weight (kg)	68.35±8.89	71.26±13.93	−1.017	0.314
BMI	25.99±3.27	26.03±3.69	−0.050	0.960
Opening width	7.39±1.24	7.19±1.62	0.561^a	0.577
Medial meniscus injury			0.015^b	0.901
Yes	21	27
No	9	8
Outerbridge grade			0.177	0.674
III grade	22	24
IV grade	8	11
Cartilage defect area (cm^2)	5.04±1.94	4.88±1.99	0.323	0.748
Follow-up time (months)	18.53±1.66	18.46±2.28	0.152^a	0.880

Notes: Values are presented as mean±SD; ^aDerived with Student’s t-test; ^bDerived with Pearson chi-square test.

Table 2 Changes in Clinical and Radiological Outcomes

	Allograft Group	Non-Filling Group	t-text	p-value
FTA
Preoperative	179.70±2.79	179.09±1.25	1.103	0.277
Postoperative	172.88±2.14	172.87±1.53	0.030	0.976
Last follow-up	172.96±2.00	173.73±2.25	−1.441	0.154
HKA
Pre-operative	−5.08±1.68	−4.74±1.34	−0.905	0.369
Post-operative	1.35±0.94	1.50±1.05	−0.614	0.541
Last follow-up	1.06±1.08	0.98±1.32	0.265	0.792
WBLR
Pre-operative	38.24±5.06	37.79±8.79	0.259	0.797
Post-operative	59.23±4.60	58.06±5.73	0.908	0.367
Last follow-up	59.43±4.83	58.03±5.07	1.133	0.262
MPTA
Pre-operative	83.33±1.76	83.81±1.76	−1.108	0.272
Post-operative	89.98±1.57	89.38±1.78	1.434	0.156
Last follow-up	89.68±1.64	88.51±5.12	1.204	0.233
WOMAC
Pre-operative	53.20±4.43	52.91±4.00	0.273	0.785
Post-operative 6 months	23.53±2.16	34.17±3.27	−15.673	<0.001*
Last follow-up	20.77±2.01	21.09±2.56	−0.552	0.583
Lysholm
Pre-operative	56.87±4.70	58.49±4.70	−1.385	0.171
Post-operative 6 months	86.00±1.89	78.34±4.48	9.201	<0.001*
Last follow-up	90.63±1.83	89.69±3.17	1.501	0.139

Notes: Values are presented as mean±SD; *Stands for a statistically significant.

Figure 1 Display of osteotomy area in anterior and posterior position by three-dimensional CT after operation. (a) Postoperative CT showed that the osteotomy space was filled with allograft bone. (b) The opening width of the osteotomy gap was < 10mm confirmed by postoperative CT measurement.

Figure 2 The osteotomy space was divided into the lateral hinge and four equally spaced intervals on the medial-lateral radiograph of the knee joint.

Figure 3 The result of (Line A/ Line B) × 100 was the rate of osteotomy gap union.

Table 3 Location of Union Zone of Osteotomy Gap at Different Follow-Up Time Post-Operatively

	Zone 1	Zone 2	Zone 3	Zone 4
Postoperative 3 months
Allograft group	30	25	1	0
Non-filling group	33	15	0	0
Postoperative 6 months
Allograft group	30	30	20	0
Non-filling group	35	35	8	0
Postoperative 12 months
Allograft group	30	30	30	18
Non-filling group	35	35	31	18
Last follow-up
Allograft group	30	30	30	28
Non-filling group	35	35	35	30

Table 4 Differences in Rates of Osteotomy Gap Union Between the Two Groups at Different Follow-Up Times After Surgery (n=65)

Group	The Rate of Osteotomy Gap Union (%)
	Postoperative 3 Months	Postoperative 6 Months	Postoperative 12 Months	Last Follow-Up
Allograft group	37.23±5.28	56.39±7.01	81.72±8.89	93.08±5.93
Non-filling group	25.29±6.66	41.03±9.13	77.64±8.77	90.33±8.27
t-text	7.915	7.513	1.404	1.517
p-value	<0.001*	<0.001*	0.165	0.134

Notes: Values are presented as mean±SD deviation; *Stands for a statistically significant difference.

Table 5 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Union Rate of Osteotomy at 6 Months Post-Operatively

Variable	Regression Coefficient	Standardized Coefficient b	t-text	p-value	Coefficient (95% CI)
					Lower	Upper
Quantity	83.966	–	14.195	<0.001	72.137	95.794
Bone grafting (X1)	−16.097	−0.72	−8.37	<0.001	−19.942	−12.251
Distraction height (X2)	−1.66	−0.214	−2.496	0.015	−2.99	−0.33
Diabetes (X3)	5.984	0.201	2.344	0.022	0.88	11.089

Notes: Assignment of qualitative variables: with or without bone void fillers (allogeneic bone grafting=1, non-filling=2); Diabetes (with diabetes=1, without diabetes=0); Quantitative variables are entered as original values.

Table 6 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Union Rate of Osteotomy at the Last Follow-Up

Variable	Regression Coefficient	Standardized Coefficient b	t-text	p-value	Coefficient (95% CI)
					Lower	Upper
Quantity	114.884	–	19.279	<0.001	102.964	126.803
Diabetes history (X1)	−9.954	−0.328	−3.138	0.003	−16.298	−3.610
BMI (X2)	−0.650	−0.307	−3.052	0.003	−1.076	−0.224
Smoking history (X3)	−4.273	−0.246	−2.404	0.019	−7.828	−0.717

Notes: Assignment of qualitative variables: Diabetes (with diabetes =1, without diabetes =0); Smoking history (smoking history = 1, no smoking history = 0); Quantitative variables are entered as original value.

Figure 4 The radiological union rate between group A and group B at different periods.