Risk factors for an early dialysis start in patients with diabetic nephropathy end-stage renal disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the late and early dialysis groups

Characteristic	Late dialysis group (n=33)	Early dialysis roup (n=19)	P-value
Male (%)	24 (73%)	18 (95%)	0.052^b
Age (years)	61.2 (30–85)	68.7 (58–80)	0.004^a
Elderly patients (%)	13 (39%)	15 (79%)	0.006^b
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	3.8 (2.5–7.0)	3.7 (2.5–5.5)	0.488^a
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m^2)	13.0 (7.5–14.9)	13.9 (8.9–14.9)	0.077^a
Potassium (mEq/L)	4.6 (3.1–6.1)	4.5 (3.3–5.6)	0.577^a
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.9 (6.9–12.4)	9.8 (7.7–12.4)	0.814^a
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	48.3 (29.4–85.9)	47.2 (26.0–140.2)	0.836^a
Uric acid (mg/dL)	7.0 (3.0–10.5)	7.4 (4.9–13.8)	0.647^a
Albumin (g/dL)	3.2 (2.0–4.2)	3.2 (2.5–4.0)	0.547^a
Hypertension (%)	32 (97%)	19 (100%)	0.778^b
Heart failure (%)	12 (36%)	10 (53%)	0.253^b
Hyperlipidemia (%)	26 (79%)	12 (63%)	0.221^b
Anemia (%)	30 (91%)	18 (95%)	0.618^b
Malignancy (%)	5 (15%)	5 (26%)	0.325^b

Notes: Data are presented as the mean (range) or number of subjects (percentage). P-values were calculated using the Student’s t-test^a or Fisher’s exact test.^b

Abbreviation: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Figure 1 Incidence rates of pneumonia before starting dialysis.

Notes: (A) Results for elderly and nonelderly patients. (B) Results according to sex. P-values were determined by the Fisher’s exact test. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥65 years. The incidence of pneumonia before starting dialysis was significantly higher in elderly patients than in nonelderly patients, with no significant difference between male and female patients.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for early dialysis

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio	P-value	Odds ratio	P-value
Male sex	6.75	0.052	8.45	0.080
Elderly patient	7.69	0.006	4.59	0.030
Heart failure	1.94	0.253	3.30	0.100
Hyperlipidemia	0.46	0.221
Anemia	1.80	0.618	2.26	0.553
Malignancy	2.00	0.325

Note: Elderly was defined as age ≥65 years.