Association of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and inflammation parameters with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Figures & data

Table 1 CHA₂DS₂-VASc score

Risk factor	Score
Congestive heart failure/LV dysfunction	1
Hypertension	1
Age >75 years	2
Diabetes mellitus	1
Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism	2
Vascular disease	1
Age 65–74 years	1
Sex category (ie, female sex)	1

Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle; TIA, transient ischemic attack.

Figure 1 Correlation plots between echocardiographic EAT thickness and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.

Abbreviation: EAT, epicardial adipose tissue.

Figure 2 Correlation plots between MPV and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.

Abbreviation: MPV, mean platelet volume.

Figure 3 Correlation plots between PLR and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.

Abbreviation: PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 4 Correlation plots between NLR and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.

Abbreviation: NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of all patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and control group

	Atrial fibrillation (n=96)	Sinus rhythm (n=52)	P-value
Age, years	63.6±11.6	64.5±11.8	0.696
Sex, female, %	36	44	0.364
Smoking, %	26	21	0.503
BMI, kg/m^2	25.6±3.2	25.3±2.9	0.698
Hypertension, %	25	19	0.429
Diabetes, %	18	15	0.721
Glucose, mg/dL	106.4±19.3	103.1±17.0	0.038
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.9±0.4	0.8±0.3	0.402
Triglycerides, mg/dL	170.4±102.6	165.8±96.3	0.387
Cholesterol, mg/dL	188.7±87.4	182.2±78.7	0.188
HDL, mg/dL	42.6±6.1	44.3±6.4	0.114
LDL, mg/dL	112.1±28.4	104.8±26.6	0.128
LVEF, %	53.4±7.1	61.4±2.5	<0.001
LA volume index, mL/m^2	37.1±8.1	33.1±4.4	<0.001
EAT thickness, mm	6.6±1.3	4.9±1.0	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.3±1.1	14.5±1.0	0.240
White blood cell count, K/L	7.3±1.9	6.9±1.8	0.223
Platelet count, K/UL	265.5±73.4	248.2±67.2	0.016
Neutrophil count, K/UL	6.8±1.6	6.1±1.5	0.003
Lymphocyte count, K/UL	1.9±0.8	2.1±0.9	0.008
Mean platelet volume, fL	8.9±1.1	7.8±1.0	<0.001
PLR	140.3±24.2	119.3±21.9	0.002
NLR	3.6±1.5	2.9±1.3	<0.001

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LA, left atrial; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 3 Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics according to CHA₂DS₂-VASc score in patients with nonvalvular AF

	Low-intermediate risk (n=45)	High risk (n=51)	P-value
Age, years	58.4±10.1	68.2±11.6	<0.001
Sex, female, %	33	39	0.554
Smoking, %	24	27	0.741
BMI, kg/m^2	25.3±3.1	25.8±3.3	0.443
Hypertension, %	9	39	<0.001
Diabetes, %	7	27	0.006
Glucose, mg/dL	105.2±18.9	107.5±19.7	0.235
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.9±0.3	0.9±0.4	0.993
Triglycerides, mg/dL	167.7±97.4	172.7±106.7	0.454
Cholesterol, mg/dL	186.9±89.7	190.3±91.2	0.586
HDL, mg/dL	43.3±6.5	41.9±5.8	0.287
LDL, mg/dL	110.1±27.5	113.9±28.6	0.523
LVEF, %	59.3±3.4	48.2±8.5	<0.001
LA volume index, mL/m^2	35.1±6.6	38.8±7.9	<0.001
EAT thickness, mm	5.9±1.2	7.2±1.5	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.3±1.7	14.4±1.5	0.905
White blood cell count, K/L	7.1±1.7	7.4±1.6	0.376
Platelet count, K/UL	258.3±55.8	271.8±60.6	0.037
Neutrophil count, K/UL	6.5±1.5	7.1±1.7	0.002
Lymphocyte count, K/UL	2.0±0.8	1.8±0.8	0.008
Mean platelet volume, fL	8.4±1.0	9.1±1.1	0.004
PLR	126.7±25.4	152.3±28.4	0.001
NLR	3.2±1.3	4.0±1.6	<0.001
Previous medication
Antiplatelet, %	49	80	<0.001
Anticoagulant, %	9	43	<0.001
β-blocker, %	46	57	0.324
ACEI/ARB, %	39	42	0.908
CCB, %	27	31	0.616
Statin, %	11	14	0.701

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LA, left atrial; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.