Infrainguinal open reconstruction: a review of surgical considerations and expected outcomes

Figures & data

Table 1 Postoperative complications

Complications
Surgical site
Infection*	0–5.3%^Citation37
Graft failure**	12–60%^Citation80
Amputation**	5.7–27%^Citation81
Systemic
Cardiovascular*	2.6–18.4%^Citation66
Respiratory failure*	2.5%^Citation69
Renal failure*	4%^Citation71
Cerebrovascular*	1.5%^Citation11
Venous thromboembolism*	0.2–1%^Citation76
Death*	0–6.3%^Citation82

Notes:

* 30-Day postoperative range.

** 1-Year postoperative range.

Table 2 Preoperative risk factors for poor outcomes

Surgical site complications	Adverse systemic events
Graft infection	Cardiovascular
Female sex, diabetes mellitus, active infection at time of bypass, and redo bypass.^Citation51 Graft failure Acute: age, preoperative ambulatory status, advanced PAD, long duration of surgery, and intraoperative local trauma.^Citation59 Chronic: prosthetic graft, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.^Citation58	Dependent functional status, smoking history, diabetes, heart failure, prior percutaneous coronary intervention or cardiac surgery, angina ≤1 month before surgery or myocardial infarction ≤6 months, and emergent case status.^Citation12 Respiratory Smoking status, recent MI, CHF, COPD requiring oxygen, and low body weight.^Citation69,Citation70 Renal failure Male sex, CHF, diabetes, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use.^Citation71 Cerebrovascular accident Preoperative ventilation, previous CVA, postoperative MI, and return to operating room.^Citation73 Venous thromboembolism Dependent functional status, metastatic cancer, surgical site infection, postoperative CVA, preoperative ventilation, and return to operating room.^Citation76

Abbreviations: PAD, peripheral arterial disease; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident.

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