Carbohydrate composition of circulating multiple-modified low-density lipoprotein

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of patients

Variable	Healthy subjects	Patients with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis	Patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Age, years	46.6±10.9	49.2±9.8	58.5±8.6a
Body mass index, kg/m^2	26.1±3.7	26.7±3.7	27.0±3.8
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	140±15	143±18	143±18
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	85±10	86±11	80±12
Smoking, %	12	15	12
Family history of CHD, %	24	20	26
Family history of hypertension, %	36	36	43
Family history of type 2 diabetes, %	11	10	10
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	183±46	186±44	181±38
Triglycerides, mg/dL	130±79	135±75	126±62
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	55±16	55±13	54±15
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	104±40	109±39	107±39

Notes: Ten subjects were involved in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD.

a Statistically significant difference from healthy subjects, P<0.05.

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Carbohydrate content of protein conjugates of total LDL of healthy individuals and patients with atherosclerosis

Carbohydrate content, nmol/mg of protein
Category	N-Acetylglucosamine	Galactose	Mannose	Sialic acid
Healthy individuals
Mean	59.3±4.8	28.4±2.7	74.0±5.8	29.5±2.8
Patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Average	56.9±3.3	27.5±4.1	73.3±9.1	17.4a±3.2
P-value	0.20	0.58	0.85	4.1×10^−8
Patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Mean	57.2±4.0	27.3±5.5	74.2±9.0	19.6a±5.8
P-value	0.29	0.58	0.94	3×10^−4

Notes: Mean of ten independent measurements ± SD is presented.

a Significant difference from the healthy individuals.

Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Carbohydrate conjugates composition of apoB protein from native LDL and circulating modified LDL in healthy individuals and atherosclerotic patients

Carbohydrate content, nmol/mg of protein
Category	N-Acetylglucosamine	Galactose	Mannose	Sialic acid
Healthy individuals
Mean	57.6±5.8	27.4±4.3	73.7±5.8	27.7±4.5
Patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Mean	59.1±5.8	29.2±5.6	73.7±9.1	16.7a±3.8
P–value	0.56	0.42	0.99	7.8×10^−6
Patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Mean	59.7±5.7	28.3±5.4	73±9.7	19.8a±2.6
P–value	0.43	0.68	0.86	13.4×10^−5

Notes: Mean of ten independent measurements ± SD is presented.

a Significant difference from the healthy individuals.

Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Carbohydrate content of glycolipids of total LDL extracted from the blood of healthy individuals and atherosclerosis patients

Carbohydrate content, nM/mg of protein
	N-Acetyl galactosamine	N-Acetyl glucosamine	Galactose	Glucose	Sialic acid
Healthy donors
Mean	6.5±1.4	8.9±1.8	44.4±8.4	48.7±8.7	7.9±1.1
Patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Mean	2.4a±0.5	4.1a±1.7	27.3a±5.2	28.8a±6.2	3.6a±1.5
P-value	1.7×10^−6	5.7×10^−6	6.5×10^−5	2×10^−5	1.1×10^−6
Patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Mean	3.5a±0.8	5.5a±1.4	36**±3.4	37.9a±5.2	4.8a±1
P-value	2.6×10^−5	1.3×10^−4	0.0125	4.1×10^−3	4.5×10^−6

Notes: Mean of ten independent measurements ± SD is presented.

a Significant difference from the healthy individuals. Significant differences from healthy individuals are denoted by asterisk

* (P<0.001), or double asterisk

** (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.

Table 5 Carbohydrate conjugates composition of glycolipids from native LDL and circulating modified LDL in healthy individuals and atherosclerotic patients

Carbohydrate content, nmol/mg of protein
	N-Acetylgalactosamine	N-acetylglucosamine	Galactose	Glucose	Sialic acid
Healthy individuals
Native LDL
Mean	6.2±0.6	8.8±0.8	41±5.9	46±6.3	7.1±0.7
cmLDL
Mean	3.8a±0.7	6.2a±0.9	28.3a±3.8	29.4a±6	3.3a±0.4
P-value	1.4×10^−7	2.1×10^−6	3.3×10^−5	1.1×10^−5	7.2×10^−10
Patients with coronary atherosclerosis
Native LDL
Mean	3.8±0.8	4.7±1.4	34.7±3.4	40.8±4.3	5.3±1.6
cmLDL
Mean	1.4a±0.4	1.6a±0.6	17.3a±2.8	33.2±48.4	1.6a±0.8
P-value	1.2×10^−6	4.4×10^−5	4.7×10^−10	0.63	2.4×10^−5
Patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Native LDL
Mean	4.2±0.9	4.8±1	35.1±2.4	39.4±6.2	5.8±1.4
cmLDL
Mean	2.4a±0.3	2.5a±0.7	22.1a±4.4	20.9a±4	2.6a±1
P-value	1.1×10^−4	1.6×10^−5	1.1×10^−6	8.5×10^−7	1.9×10^−5

Notes: Mean of ten independent measurements ± standard deviation is presented.

a Significant differences of cmLDL from native LDL.

Abbreviations: cmLDL, circulating modified LDL; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.