Soluble ST2 correlates with some indicators of right ventricular function in hypertensive heart failure

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical profile of subjects

Parameters	All (N=77)	Male (n=54)	Female (n=23)	p-value
Age, years	53.8±13.2	53.8±15.8	51.7±13.6	0.56
Smoking habits, n (%)	24 (13.1)	22 (18.6)	2 (2.5)	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2	24.30±7.0	24.2±7.6	24.5±5.9	0.86
Palpitations, n (%)	40 (51.9)	24 (44.4)	16 (69.6)	0.002
Peripheral edema, n (%)	49 (63.2)	35 (64.8)	14 (60.8)	NS
NYHA class, n (%)
II	14 (18.2)	10 (18.5)	4 (17.5)
III	49 (63.6)	35 (64.8)	14 (60.8)
IV	14 (18.2)	9 (16.7)	5 (21.7)
SBP, mmHg	149.1±23.8	149.9±23.8	147.7±23.9	0.55
DBP, mmHg	98.1±13.9	98.2±13.9	97.9±13.9	0.92
PP, mmHg	55.8±16.2	56.4±16.8	54.7±15.0	0.52
MAP, mmHg	101.3±16.4	101.2±17.2	101.5±15.0	0.89
FBS, mmol/L	5.3±2.2	5.2±2.0	5.4±2.4	0.58
TC, mmol/L	4.2±1.2	4.1±0.2	4.3±1.2	0.22
LDLC, mmol/L	2.7±0.9	2.6±1.0	2.8±1.0	0.14
HDLC, mmol/L	1.1±0.4	1.1±0.4	1.1±0.3	0.63
Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	101.5±38.8	111.6±41.4	78.3±17.0	<0.0001
NT-proBNP, pg/mL	501.7±199.8	513.0±208.5	478.7±184.7	0.58
Serum ST2, ng/mL	112.9±78.7	100.1±60.4	134.4±98.3	0.26

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated.

Abbreviations: NS, not significant; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TC, total cholesterol; LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.

Table 2 Echocardiographic profile of subjects

Parameters	All (N=77)	Male (n=54)	Female (n=22)	p-value
RVDD, cm	3.4±0.6	3.5±0.6	3.2±0.5	0.22
Left atrium, cm	4.6±0.9	4.6±0.9	4.5±0.8	0.17
IVSD, cm	1.1±0.3	1.1±0.2	1.0±0.3	0.03
PWD, cm	1.1±0.2	1.2±0.2	1.1±0.2	0.07
EDD, cm	5.8±1.1	5.9±1.1	5.5±1.1	0.04
ESD, cm	4.7±1.3	4.9±1.2	4.5±1.3	0.07
LAA, cm^2	24.5±7.0	24.5±6.7	24.4±7.5	0.95
RAA, cm^2	22.3±8.1	22.6±8.0	21.7±8.5	0.50
LVM/HT^2.7	108.3±46.3	117.5±35.4	112.5±42.3	0.65
LVEF, %	35.2±17.5	34.4±16.8	36.6±18.7	0.58
ME, m/s	0.78±0.3	0.76±0.30	0.81±0.30	0.43
MA, m/s	0.49±0.2	0.49±0.2	0.49±0.1	0.25
ME/MA	2.2±1.3	2.0±1.2	2.2±1.4	0.96
DT, ms	143.2±80.6	143.7±85.1	142.2±72.2	0.22
TAPSE, mm	16.2±5.1	16.6±5.4	15.5±4.5	0.16
TAPSE<15 mm, n (%)	33 (42.9)	54 (40.7)	10 (41.7)	0.18
RVSP, mmHg	31.4±10.5	31.4±10.4	31.3±10.5	0.97

Abbreviations: RVDD, right ventricular diameter in diastole; IVSD, interventricular septal diameter in diastole; PWD, posterior wall diameter in diastole; EDD, end-diastolic diameter; ESD, end-systolic diameter; LAA, left atrial area; RAA, right atrial area; LVM, left ventricular mass; HT, height; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ME, early mitral inflow; MA, late mitral inflow; DT, deceleration time; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure.

Table 3 Univariate analysis with RV systolic function using TAPSE

Parameters	Pearson correlation	p-value
Left atrial diameter	−0.54	<0.0001
EDD	−0.47	<0.0001
ESD	−0.55	<0.0001
LVM/HT^2.7	−0.34	<0.0001
LVEF	0.60	<0.0001
ME/MA	−0.39	<0.0001
Left atrial area	−0.24	0.02
RAA	−0.44	<0.0001
RVSP	−0.74	<0.0001
RVDD	−0.035	0.77
Soluble ST2	0.04	0.68
NT-proBNP	0.000	0.99

Abbreviations: RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; EDD, end-diastolic diameter; ESD, end-systolic diameter; HT, height; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ME, early mitral inflow; MA, late mitral inflow; RAA, right atrial area; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; RVDD, right ventricular diameter in diastole.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate associations between log-transformed ST2 and echocardiography right-sided parameters

Univariate association			Multivariate association
Parameters	Serum ST2, R1	NT-proBNP, R2	Standard coefficient (β)	p-value
RVSP	0.75*	0.54**	0.46	<0.001
RAA	0.46*	0.20**	034	0.003
RVDD	0.28*	0.09	–	–
TAPSE	−0.15	−0.13	–	–

Notes: R1, coefficient of correlation between soluble ST2 and variables; R2, coefficient of correlation between NT-proBNP and variables.

* p<0.05 versus soluble ST2.

** p<0.05 versus NT-proBNP.

Abbreviations: RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; RAA, right atrial area; RVDD, right ventricular diameter in diastole; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.