Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and freedom from amputation after lower extremity revascularization

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient demographics

Patient characteristics	Indications			Total
	Claudication	Rest pain	Ulceration/gangrene
Age, years (mean ± SD)	74.7±6.4	76.1±7.5	76.7±8.4	75.9±7.7
Age groups, years
65–69	2,178 (26.8%)	737 (24.1%)	3,027 (25.7%)	5,942
70–74	2,112 (26.0%)	655 (21.4%)	2,053 (17.5%)	4,820
75–79	1,853 (22.8%)	636 (20.8%)	2,085 (17.7%)	4,574
80+	1,985 (24.4%)	1,028 (33.7%)	4,605 (39.1%)	7,618
Gender
Male	4,008 (49.3%)	1,313 (43.0%)	5,388 (45.8%)	10,709
Female	4,120 (50.7%)	1.743(57.0%)	6,382 (54.2%)	12,245
Race
Whites	6,759 (83.1%)	2,347 (76.8%)	8,549 (72.6%)	17,655
Blacks	853 (10.5%)	521 (17.0%)	2,308 (19.6%)	3,682
Hispanics	275 (3.4%)	113 (3.7%)	518 (4.4%)	906
Others and missing	241 (3.0%)	75 (2.5%)	395 (3.4%)	711
Comorbidities
CHF	347 (4.3%)	180 (5.9%)	1,530 (13.0%)	2,057
Hypertension	6,171 (75.9%)	2,220 (72.6%)	7,331 (62.3%)	15,722
Chronic pulmonary disease	1,907 (23.5%)	811 (26.5%)	1,948 (16,6%)	4,666
Pulmonary circulation disease	29 (0.4%)	16 (0.5%)	93 (0.8%)	138
Diabetes	2,695 (33.2%)	1,081 (35.4%)	5,040 (42.8%)	8,816
Renal failure	898 (11.1%)	405 (13.2%)	3,156 (26.8%)	4,459
Obesity	333 (4.1%)	88 (2.9%)	285 (2.4%)	706
ACEI before procedure
Yes	3,065 (37.7%)	1,189 (38.9%)	4,485 (38.1%)	8,739
No	5,063 (62.3%)	1,867 (61.1%)	7,285 (61.9%)	14,215
Total	8,128 (35.4%)	3,056 (13.3%)	11,770 (51.3%)	22,954

Abbreviations: ACEI, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; SD, standard deviation; CHF, congestive heart failure.

Figure 1 Crude amputation rates after LER with and without ACEIs.

Abbreviations: LER, lower extremity revascularization; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Figure 2 Amputation-free survival of patients with rest pain after LER with or without ACEIs.

Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LER, lower extremity revascularization.