Endothelial dysfunction in patients with Buerger disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

Variables	n=22
Age (years)	57.0 (47.3–66.3)
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.9 (21.5–25.5)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	3 (13.6%)
Dyslipidemia	2 (9.1%)
CAD	0 (0%)
CVD	1 (4.5%)
CKD	1 (4.5%)
DM	1 (4.5%)
Medications
Antiplatelet	17 (77.2%)
Statin	2 (9.1%)
Nitroglycerin	0 (0%)
Ca-blocker	2 (9.1%)
β-blocker	0 (0%)
Treatment
Conservative treatment	10 (45.5%)
Lumbar sympathectomy	12 (54.5%)
Hemodynamical parameters
ABI	1.03 (0.75–1.12)
RHI	1.71 (1.25–2.27)
Rutherford classification
Category 2: 3: 4: 5: 6	9: 6: 4: 2: 1
Laboratory findings
WBC (/μL)	5300 (4725–7325)
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.6 (13.9–15.2)
Platelet (×10^4/μL)	24.2 (20.5–30.6)
PT (%)	99.0 (93.0–105.5)
APTT (s)	29.1 (27.7–30.4)
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	296 (268–323)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.81 (0.75–0.91)
T-Chol (mg/dL)	207 (183–217)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	130 (78–145)
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	5.70 (5.60–6.30)
CRP (mg/dL)	0.09 (0.03–0.16)

Notes: Data presented as mean (IQR) unless otherwise noted.

Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial pressure index; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PT, prothrombin time; RHI, reactive hyperemia index; T-Chol, total cholesterol; WBC, white blood cell; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 Correlations between endothelial dysfunction and variable parameters

Variables	Correlation coefficient	P-value
Age	0.254	0.244
BMI	−0.130	0.551
Comorbidities
Hypertension	−0.089	0.697
Dyslipidemia	−0.101	0.660
CAD	–	–
CVD	0.193	0.394
CKD	−0.031	0.891
DM	−0.031	0.891
Medications
Antiplatelet	0.144	0.528
Statin	−0.101	0.660
Nitroglycerin	–	–
Ca-blocker	0.010	0.967
β-blocker	–	–
Hemodynamical parameters
ABI	0.228	0.296
Laboratory findings
WBC	−0.380	0.082
Hemoglobin	−0.272	0.213
Platelet	−0.118	0.589
PT	0.096	0.666
APTT	−0.167	0.466
Fibrinogen	−0.029	0.900
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.061	0.779
T-Chol (mg/dL)	0.293	0.190
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	−0.184	0.410
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	−0.104	0.718
CRP (mg/dL)	−0.209	0.338

Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial pressure index; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PT, prothrombin time; T-Chol, total cholesterol; RHI, reactive hyperemia index; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 1 Reactive hyperemia index in the lumbar sympathectomy group and in the conservative treatment group.

Table 3 Comparisons of patients’ characteristics

Variables	Conservative treatment (n=10)	Lumbar sympathectomy (n=12)	P-value
Age (years)	60.0 (50.3–66.3)	52.0 (43.5–62.5)	0.199
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.0 (22.8–25.5)	22.5 (20.6–24.8)	0.356
Comorbidities
Hypertension	3 (30%)	0 (0%)	0.078
Dyslipidemia	2 (20%)	0 (0%)	0.195
CAD	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–
CVD	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	>0.999
CKD	1 (10%)	0 (0%)	0.455
DM	1 (10%)	0 (0%)	0.455
Medications
Antiplatelet	7 (70%)	10 (83.3%)	0.624
Statin	2 (20%)	0 (0%)	0.195
Nitroglycerin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–
Ca-blocker	2 (20%)	0 (0%)	0.195
β-blocker	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–
Hemodynamical parameters
ABI	1.12 (1.07–1.19)	0.83 (0.72–1.03)	0.003
RHI	1.82 (1.25–2.28)	1.69 (1.26–1.91)	0.843
Laboratory findings
WBC (/μL)	5150 (4700–6900)	6050 (4875–8325)	0.277
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.5 (13.7–15.4)	14.8 (14.5–15.0)	0.818
Platelet (×10^4/μL)	24.5 (20.2–29.5)	24.2 (21.4–32.2)	0.429
PT (%)	104.3 (99.0–105.5)	93.0 (90.3–99.4)	0.067
APTT (sec)	29.2 (28.0–32.3)	29.0 (27.2–30.3)	0.227
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	285 (267–290)	314 (301–324)	0.257
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.82 (0.78–0.93)	0.78 (0.75–0.90)	0.448
T-Chol (mg/dL)	183 (177–217)	207 (199–221)	0.155
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	130 (119–144)	85 (61–147)	0.155
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	5.85 (5.70–6.23)	5.6 (5.5–6.3)	0.568
CRP (mg/dL)	0.07 (0.03–0.16)	0.10 (0.04–0.20)	0.621

Notes: Data presented as mean (IQR) unless otherwise noted.

Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial pressure index; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PT, prothrombin time; RHI, reactive hyperemia index; T-Chol, total cholesterol; WBC, white blood cell; IQR, interquartile range.

Figure 2 The correlation between ankle brachial pressure index and reactive hyperemia index in the lumbar sympathectomy group.

Table 4 The correlations between ankle brachial pressure index and reactive hyperemia index

Group	ρ	P-value
Conservative treatment	−0.121	0.716
Lumbar sympathectomy	0.848	0.005