Serum markers for asymptomatic atherosclerosis in Egyptian psoriatic patients: study controlled by Doppler estimation of carotid intima-media thickness

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients and controls

Data		Controls	Patients
Age (years)		44.5±11.4 (29–64)	45.2±8.4 (22–59)
Sex; M:F		11:9	38:37
Body mass index data	Weight (kg)	80.4±10.1	85.1±8.4
	Height (m)	169.9±3.5	169.5±2.9
	Body mass index (kg/m^2)	27.9±3.5	29.6±4.2
Smoking	Never	13 (65%)	36 (48%)
	Ex-smoker	3 (15%)	23 (30.7%)
	Current smoker	4 (20%)	16 (21.3%)
Duration of psoriasis (years)	≤5		40 (53.3%)
	6–10		17 (22.7%)
	≥10–15		5 (6.7%)
	>15		13 (17.3%)
	Mean		7.9±7.2 (1–25)
PASI	Moderate		42 (60%)
	Severe		28 (40%)
	Mean		12.3±4.6 (8–31)
Past history of systemic therapy			10 (13.3%)
Positive family history for autoimmune diseases			6 (8%)

Note: Data are presented as mean±SD and numbers; ranges and percentages are in parenthesis.

Abbreviations: PASI, Psoriasis Area Severity Index; M:F, male:female.

Figure 1 Color Doppler estimation of CIMT in a psoriatic patient (1.2 mm on left side and 1.6 mm on the right side).

Abbreviation: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.

Figure 2 Patients distribution according to grades of CIMT thickness and its laterality.

Abbreviation: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.

Figure 3 Mean serum pentraxin 3 and MPO levels estimated in patients and controls.

Abbreviation: MPO, myeloperoxidase.

Figure 4 Mean serum endocan and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ levels estimated in patients and controls.

Abbreviation: 1,25(OH)₂D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Table 2 Laboratory parameters estimated in patients compared to controls

Parameter		Controls	Patients	p-value
FBS (mg/dL)		110.2±7	114±47	0.731
Lipid profile	Cholesterol (mg/dL)	183.1±23.7	191.8±36.5	0.312
	Triglycerides (mg/dL)	134.1±44.2	141.3±49.1	0.556
	HDL (mg/dL)	38.6±2.7	36.4±4.3	0.035*
	LDL (mg/dL)	117.6±26.4	127.1±34.1	0.001*
CRP (mg/L)		6.05±0.8	25.3±31.6	0.0077*
Pentraxin 3 (ng/mL)		1.37±0.45	2.51±0.75	0.001*
MPO (ng/mL)		2.76±0.62	4.57±2.17	0.001*
Endocan (ng/L)		115.65±44.5	149.11±21.231	0.0039*
1,25(OH)2D3 (pmol/L)		246.5±44.5	107.93±12.33	0.001*

Notes:

* p-value ≤0.05 indicates significant difference; p-value >0.05 indicates non-significant difference. Data are presented as mean±SD.

Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)₂D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; CRP, C-reactive protein; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MPO, myeloperoxidase.

Table 3 Correlation between determined CIMT and clinical and laboratory findings

Pearson’s correlation analysis of CIMT
Variable	r	p-value
Age	0.274	0.017
BMI	0.064	0.583
Duration of disease	0.344	0.003*
PASI	0.345	0.002*
Pentraxin 3	0.302	0.007*
Endocan	0.404	0.0002*
MPO	0.397	0.0004*
1,25(OH)2D3	−0.370	0.001*
CRP	0.256	0.026*
FBS	0.046	0.692
Total cholesterol	0.195	0.094
Triglyceride	0.073	0.536
HDL	0.090	0.440
LDL	0.324	0.005*

Notes: r, Pearson correlation coefficient;

* p-value ≤0.05 indicates significant correlation; p-value >0.05 indicates non-significant correlation.

Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)₂D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; BMI, body mass index; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CRP, C-reactive protein; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MPO, myeloperoxidase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PASI, Psoriasis Area Severity Index.

Table 4 Regression analysis to predict for high CIMT as a measure for atherosclerosis

Regression analysis
Model		β	t	p-value
1	Endocan	0.377	4.196	0.0001*
	1,25(OH)2D3	–0.289	3.133	0.003*
	PASI	0.264	2.879	0.005*
	MPO	0.242	2.666	0.010*
2	Endocan	0.370	3.949	0.0005*
	1,25(OH)2D3	–0.322	3.371	0.003*
	PASI	0.281	2.947	0.008*
3	Endocan	0.385	3.917	0.0007*
	1,25(OH)2D3	–0.377	3.835	0.0008*
4	Endocan	0.404	3.774	0.0008*

Notes: β, standardized beta; t-test statistic.

* p-value ≤0.05 indicates significant predictor, p-value >0.05 indicates non-significant predictor.

Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)₂D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PASI, Psoriasis Area Severity Index.