The association between sedentary behavior, physical activity and hyperuricemia

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Characteristic of risk factor	Sitting time (hr/day)			p for trend	Physical activity (Level)			p for trend
	<5 (36,465)	5–9 (63,180)	≥10 (59,068)		Inactivity (75,899)	Minimally activity (56,581)	HEPA (26,233)
Hyperuricemia (%)	20.00	31.84	37.99	<0.001	28.69	34.68	32.25	<0.001
Gender
Male (%)	37.25	56.52	64.57	<0.001	49.33	60.74	59.58	<0.001
Female (%)	62.75	43.48	35.43		50.67	39.26	40.42
Age (years)
18–39 yr (%)	51.48	61.31	75.10	<0.001	67.04	64.37	55.52	<0.001
40–64 yr (%)	45.53	37.57	24.46		32.19	34.23	41.91
≥65 yr (%)	2.98	1.12	0.44		0.77	1.41	2.57
BMI (kg/m2)	22.75±3.17	23.16±3.23	23.31±3.34	<0.001	22.90±3.34	23.25±3.22	23.47±3.09	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	79.72±9.12	81.28±9.37	81.96±9.79	<0.001	80.73±9.76	81.60±9.40	81.53±8.95	<0.001
Percent body fat (%fat)	26.47±6.60	25.46±6.46	25.15±6.31	<0.001	26.29±6.38	25.14±6.36	24.46±6.62	<0.001
Sleep duration	6.67±1.25	6.56±1.10	6.35±1.06	<0.001	6.52±1.15	6.50±1.09	6.48±1.15	<0.001
HOMA-IR	1.31±0.94	1.41±0.96	1.45±1.00	<0.001	1.44±0.98	1.40±0.94	1.29±0.99	<0.001
Current smoker (%)	14.43	20.28	22.86	<0.001	19.57	20.65	19.21	<0.001
Alcohol intake >20 g (%)	17.72	22.26	21.97	<0.001	19.50	21.34	25.26	<0.001
High education level (%)	68.99	81.36	89.66	<0.001	82.05	84.74	73.57	<0.001
History of hypertension (%)	10.94	9.86	8.20	<0.001	8.31	9.79	12.24	<0.001
High calorie intake (% of >80percentile)	13.15	14.09	17.54	<0.001	13.38	16.11	18.24	<0.001
Protein intake (% of >80percentile)	12.50	14.39	18.01	<0.001	13.07	16.45	19.28	<0.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HEPA, health-enhancing physical active.

Table 2 Association of sedentary behavior and physical activity level with hyperuricemia in healthy adult by gender

Characteristic of risk factor	Total (n=158,713)	Female (n=71,281)	Male (n=87,432)
Sitting time (h/day)
<5	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
5–9	1.04 (1.00, 1.08)	1.08 (0.83, 1.40)	1.03 (0.99, 1.08)
≥10	1.08 (1.03, 1.12)	1.31 (0.98, 1.72)	1.07 (1.02, 1.11)
p for trend	<0.001	0.055	0.001
Physical activity (Level)
Inactivity	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Minimally activity	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)	0.97 (0.76, 1.23)	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)
HEPA	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)	1.04 (0.77, 1.41)	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)
p for trend	<0.001	0.873	<0.001

Notes: Multivariable model included age, education level, sleep duration, smoking status, history of hypertension, alcohol intake, BMI, total protein, total energy intake, HOMA-IR. Additionally, women plus adjustment for state of menopause.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HEPA, health-enhancing physical active.

Table 3 Association of sedentary behavior and physical activity level with hyperuricemia in healthy adult by age

Characteristic of risk factor	18–39 yr (n=101,869)	40–64 yr (n=54,787)	≥65 yr (n=2,057)
Sitting time (h/day)
<5	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
5–9	1.09 (1.03, 1.15)	1.00 (0.94, 1.07)	0.79 (0.60, 1.03)
≥10	1.11 (1.04, 1.17)	1.05 (0.98, 1.12)	1.10 (0.76, 1.59)
p for trend	0.002	0.086	0.851
Physical activity (Level)
Inactivity	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Minimally activity	0.97 (0.94, 1.01)	0.98 (0.93, 1.03)	0.82 (0.60, 1.13)
HEPA	0.92 (0.87, 0.97)	0.88 (0.83, 0.94)	0.69 (0.50, 0.96)
p for trend	0.005	<0.001	0.028

Notes: Multivariable model included age, sex, education level, sleep duration, smoking status, history of hypertension, alcohol intake, BMI, total protein, total energy intake, HOMA-IR.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HEPA, health-enhancing physical active.

Table 4 Association of sedentary behavior and physical activity level with hyperuricemia in healthy adult by obesity index

Characteristic of risk factor	Model 1 (n=158,713)	Model 2 (n=158,303)	Model 3 (n=158,697)
Sitting time (h/day)
<5	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
5–9	1.04 (1.00, 1.08)	1.04 (0.99, 1.08)	1.02 (0.98, 1.06)
≥10	1.08 (1.03, 1.12)	1.06 (1.02, 1.11)	1.03 (0.99, 1.07)
p for trend	<0.001	0.003	0.160
Physical activity (Level)
Inactivity	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Minimally activity	0.97 (0.94, 1.00)	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	1.01 (0.98, 1.04)
HEPA	0.90 (0.86, 0.93)	0.96 (0.93, 1.00)	1.02 (0.98, 1.06)
p for trend	<0.001	0.232	0.168

Notes: Multivariable model 1 included physical activity simultaneously as well as age, education level, sleep duration, smoking status, history of hypertension, alcohol intake, total protein, total energy, HOMA-IR, BMI. Model 2 model 1 plus adjustment for waist circumference instead of BMI. Model 3 model 1 plus adjustment for percent body fat instead of BMI.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HEPA, health-enhancing physical active.