Association Between Adherence To The French Dietary Guidelines And Lower Resting Heart Rate, Longer Diastole Duration, And Lower Myocardial Oxygen Consumption. The NUTRIVASC Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 The NUTRIVASC study flow chart.

Table 1 Participant Characteristics

	Total, n=49	PNNS−, n=23	PNNS+, n=26	p
Age (years)	65.4±5.6	63.6±5.6	67.0±5.2	0.036
Female gender (%)	37 (76)	20 (87)	17 (65)	0.104
Height (cm)	165.1±8.6	164.4±8.0	165.8±9.3	0.583
Weight (kg)	64.4±13.3	60.8±12.5	67.5±13.4	0.082
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.5±3.4	22.4±3.5	24.4±3.1	0.043
Waist circumference (cm)	79.8±11.9	76.3±11.1	82.9±12.0	0.050
Hip circumference (cm)	96.9±9.5	93.8±9.6	99.6±8.7	0.033
Body composition
Lean body mass (kg)	45.1±11.6	43.9±10.8	47.3±12.2	0.310
Fat body mass (kg)	18.4±5.8	16.5±4.7	20.1±6.3	0.036
Physical activity score (2007)
During leisure time hours (Minutes/day)	19.2±17.9	17.3±19.1	20.9±17.0	0.532
At working hours (Minutes/day)	19.4±43.2	27.1±47.4	13.0±39.7	0.373
At home (Minutes/day)	27.7±33.8	26.8±22.0	28.6±43.8	0.904
Sedentarity score	13,697±6972	13,657±6735	13,728±7298	0.974
Sedentarity (Minutes/day)	228.3±116.2	227.6±116.2	228.8±121.6	0.970
Biological parameters
HbA1c (%)	5.4±0.3	5.5±0.2	5.4±0.4	0.568
HbA1c (mmol/mmol)	35.5±3.0	36.6±2.0	35.5±1.0
Fructosamine (µmol/L)	233.1±21.7	227.3±21.4	238.3±21.1	0.078
Glycemia (mmol/L)	5.0±0.4	4.9±0.4	5.1±0.4	0.133
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	6.0±0.9	5.9±0.9	6.0±0.9	0.462
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.9±0.7	2.1±0.9	1.8±0.4	0.261
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.6±0.8	3.5±0.8	3.7±0.8	0.236
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.0±0.6	1.0±0.7	1.0±0.4	0.919
Urinary albumin excretion (mg/L)	6.9±10.8	5.8±7.4	7.9±13.3	0.524

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD or % as appropriate. Parameters were measured in 2012 during cardiovascular investigation, whereas physical activity was measured in 2007.

Table 2 Heart Rate Measured In The Radial, Carotid, Femoral Arteries (applanation Tonometry) And Digital Artery (plethysmography)

	Total n=49	PNNS− n=23	PNNS+ n=26	p	p*	p†	p‡
Radial artery (beats/min)	62.1±8.5	64.3±8.4	60.2±8.0	0.084	0.005	0.004	0.042
Carotid artery (beats/min)	63.8±9.3	66.4±10.6	61.3±7.3	0.059	0.006	0.003	0.001
Femoral artery (beats/min)	63.8±9.3	61.3±7.3	57.6±7.0	0.026	<0.001	<0.001	0.020
Digital artery (beats/min)	63.3±8.5	65.6±9.3	61.1±7.3	0.068	0.001	0.001	0.003

Notes: *Covariates appearing in model 1 [age and body mass index (BMI)] were considered to have the following values (mean values for the total population): age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m². †Covariates appearing in model 2 (age and waist circumference) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, waist circumference = 79.8 cm. ‡Covariates appearing in model 3 (age, BMI, and gender) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m². Bold values indicate statistical significance.

Table 3 Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity And Cardiac Impedancemetry Measurements

	Total, n=49	PNNS−, n=23	PNNS+, n=26	p	p*	p†	p‡
Digital artery blood pressure measurements
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	107.2±14.8	106.0±17.7	108.2±12.0	0.622	0.310	0.323		0.331
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	69.6±12.9	67.9±14.2	71.0±11.8	0.404	0.751	0.651		0.721
Mean blood pressure (mmHg)	85.4±13.0	84.2±15.0	86.5±11.1	0.545	0.472	0.438		0.456
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	36.8±9.6	36.5±12.3	37.1±6.6	0.821	0.677	0.893		0.545
Heart rate variability
LFnu-RRI (%) ‖	42.1±15.1	44.7±15.9	40.2±14.4	0.331	0.300	0.287		0.363
HFnu-RRI (%) ‖	57.9±15.1	55.5±15.9	59.8±14.4	0.331	0.300	0.287		0.363
LF/HF-HR ‖	0.8±0.5	0.9±0.6	0.8±0.3	0.228	0.272	0.301		0.680
LF-SBP (mmHg^2) ‖	39.2±11.6	39.4±12.6	39.1±11.0	0.929	0.757	0.708		0.823
Cardiac impendancemetry
Stroke volume (mL)	64.5±14.9	62.5±8.0	66.1±18.8	0.403	0.370	0.369		0.464
Indexed stroke volume (mL/m^2)	37.8±7.9	37.9±6.2	37.8±9.3	0.979	0.380	0.363		0.427
Cardiac output (L/min)	4.6±1.0	4.5±0.8	4.7±1.2	0.616	0.940	0.957		0.946
Indexed cardiac output (L/min*m^2)	2.7±0.5	2.7±0.5	2.7±0.6	0.729	0.884	0.921		0.867
Total peripheral resistance (dyne*sec/cm^5)	1508±380	1464±320	1545±426	0.464	0.680	0.687		0.957
Indexed total peripheral resistance (dyne*sec*m^2 BSA/cm^5)	2567±672	2438±574	2676 ±739	0.225	0.722	0.779		0.930
Index of contractility (1000/sec)	41.9±14.2	43.6±13.1	40.6±15.1	0.465	0.707	0.698		0.646
Acceleration index (100/sec^2)	58.8±19.9	61.1±19.2	56.9±20.6	0.472	0.567	0.582		0.513
Left ventricular work index (kg*m/m^2)	3.1±0.7	3.2±0.7	3.1±0.6	0.694	0.292	0.322		0.557
Left ventricular ejection time (msec)	305.1±15.3	303.2±15.2	306.7±15.5	0.493	0.056	0.081		0.303
Thoracic fluid content (1/Ohm)	27.4±4.0	27.5±3.9	27.4±4.1	0.936	0.507	0.612		0.592

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ‖measurements performed under paced breathing at 12 breaths/min. *Covariates appearing in model 1 [age and body mass index (BMI)] were considered to have the following values (mean values for the total population): age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m². †Covariates appearing in model 2 (age and waist circumference) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, waist circumference = 79.8 cm. ‡Covariates appearing in model 3 (age, BMI, and gender) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m².

Abbreviations: BSA, body surface area; LFnu-RRI and HFnu-RRI, low and high-frequency band of the heart rate spectrum in normalized units expressed as percentage of the total spectrum; LF/HF-HR, ratio between the low- and high-frequency bands of the heart rate spectrum; LF-SBP, low-frequency band of the systolic blood pressure spectrum; PNNS+ and PNNS−, individuals who did (PNNS+) and did not (PNNS−) continuously adhere to the “Programme National Nutrition Santé” guidelines.

Table 4 Peripheral And Central Blood Pressures Measured Through Applanation Tonometry, Indices Of Arterial Stiffness, And Cardiac Cycle Duration

The p values of the last colomn do not have 3 digits as the other colomns. The original PDF is ok, if there is no problem you can ignore my comment	Total n=49	PNNS− n=23	PNNS+ n=26	p	p*	p†	p‡
Blood pressure
Radial SBP (mmHg)	125.3±16.2	126.3±16.8	124.4±15.8	0.676	0.039	0.014	0.091
Radial DBP (mmHg)	80.1±10.3	80.6±9.7	79.7±11.0	0.750	0.192	0.103	0.460
Radial PP (mmHg)	45.2±10.0	45.7±10.7	44.7±9.6	0.729	0.074	0.057	0.066
Central SBP (mmHg)	119.8±15.5	120.4±15.4	119.3±15.8	0.796	0.084	0.039	0.188
Central DBP (mmHg)	81.0±10.4	81.6±9.8	80.5±11.1	0.724	0.171	0.088	0.427
Central PP (mmHg)	38.8±9.0	38.8±8.7	38.7±9.5	0.971	0.222	0.198	0.208
MBP (mmHg)	97.5±12.2	98.2±12.0	96.9±12.5	0.706	0.090	0.039	0.240
Pulse pressure augmentation ratio	1.2±0.1	1.2±0.1	1.2±0.1	0.496	0.260	0.216	0.269
Double product (beats*mmHg/minute)	7458±1518	7788 ± 1680	7166 ±1323	0.155	0.001	<0.001	0.009
Arterial stiffness
PWV (m/sec)	7.3±2.1	7.1±2.4	7.4±1.8	0.554	0.458	0.578	0.522
Peripheral AIx (%)	93.3±11.5	91.6±8.5	94.9±13.6	0.312	0.293	0.244	0.340
Central AIx (%)	35.7±6.6	35.3±6.1	36.0±7.1	0.720	0.556	0.517	0.447
Central AIx@75 (%)	29.6±6.0	30.1±5.8	29.1±6.3	0.568	0.377	0.394	0.822
Reflection time (msec)	138.1±9.7	137.9±10.5	138.4±9.2	0.864	0.546	0635	0.725
Cardiac cycle parameters
Subendocardial Viability Ratio (%)	166.9±29.5	159.8±32.3	173.3±25.7	0.111	0.023	0.016	0.067
Tension time index (msec*mmHg)	2221±388	2307±428	2145.6±489	0.147	0.002	0.001	0.018
Diastolic time index (msec*mmHg)	3631±483	3588±483	3668.6±489	0.569	0.902	0.784	0.898
Cardiac cycle (msec)	983±145	947±124	1016±157	0.098	0.013	0.010	0.076
Diastole duration (msec)	651±132	617±117	681±139	0.090	0.015	0.011	0.078
Diastole duration (% cardiac cycle)	65.7±3.7	64.6±4.1	66.7±3.1	0.049	0.011	0.008	0.049

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *Covariates appearing in model 1 [age and body mass index (BMI)] were considered to have the following values (mean values for the total population): age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m². †Covariates appearing in model 2 (age and waist circumference) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, waist circumference = 79.8 cm. ‡Covariates appearing in model 3 (age, BMI, and gender) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m². Bold values are statistically significant.

Abbreviations: AIx, augmentation index; AIx@75, augmentation index adjusted for heart rate; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; PNNS+ and PNNS−, individuals who did (PNNS+) and did not (PNNS−) continuously adhere to the “Programme National Nutrition Santé” guidelines; PP, pulse pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP systolic blood pressure.

Table 5 Endothelial Function In Small Arteries And Laser Doppler Results

	Total n=49	PNNS− n=23	PNNS+ n=26	p	p*	p†	p‡
Endopat2000^®
Reactive hyperemia index	2.3±0.5	2.3±0.5	2.2±0.4	0.895	0.813	0.620	0.444
AIx (%)	22.4±13.3	21.6±11.5	23.1±14.9	0.706	0.625	0.591	0.464
AIx@75 (%)	15.0±11.0	15.7±8.7	14.4±13.0	0.699	0.435	0.473	0.110
Laser doppler
Mean basal cutaneous blood flow (PU)	6.6±3.04	6.6±3.5	6.7±2.6	0.878	0.902	0.839	0.377
Cutaneous blood flow variation during deep breathing (%)	26.6±8.8	27.2±9.3	26.0±8.6	0.635	0.878	0.723	0.469
Cutaneous blood flow after acetylcholine stimulation
Maximal cutaneous blood flow (PU)	46.5±30.6	38.2±21.8	54.5±35.7	0.074	0.068	0.063	0.365
Peak delay (sec)	0.3±0.2	0.2±0.1	0.3±0.2	0.070	0.073	0.075	0.102
CBFAUC (PU*sec)	118.2±31.0	104.8±32.0	131.1±24.3	0.060	0.068	0.063	0.371
Peak tangent (PU/sec)	4971±3054	4100±2311	5805±3475	0.123	0.090	0.082	0.344
Vasodilation duration (sec)	291.5±86.6	283.7±91.7	299.7±82.6	0.571	0.590	0.765	0.923

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ‖paced deep breathing (6/min). *Covariates appearing in model 1 [age and body mass index (BMI)] were considered to have the following values (mean values for the total population): age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m². † Covariates appearing in model 2 (age and waist circumference) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, waist circumference = 79.8 cm. ‡ Covariates appearing in model 3 (age, BMI, and gender) were considered to have the following values: age = 65.4 years, BMI = 23.5 kg/m².

Abbreviations: AIx, augmentation index; AIx@75, augmentation index adjusted for heart rate; CBF_AUC, Area under the curve for cutaneous blood flow after iontophoretic administration of acetylcholine; PNNS+ and PNNS−, individuals who did (PNNS+) and did not (PNNS−) continuously adhere to the “Programme National Nutrition Santé” guidelines; PU, perfusion units.