Marker Of Sepsis Severity Is Associated With The Variation In Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) During Sepsis Treatment

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient Characteristics Before And After 1 Week Of Sepsis Treatment

	At Presentation	After 1 Week	P
N (male/female)	21 (14/7)	–	–
Age (years)	62.8 ± 19.0	–	–
Height (cm)	163.0 ± 9.6	–	–
Body weight (kg)	64.2 ± 17.9	–	–
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.0 ± 5.7	–	–
CAVI	7.9 ± 2.4	9.6 ± 1.8	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	121 ± 30	125 ± 14	0.523
DBP (mmHg)	70 ± 15	70 ± 12	0.939
HR (/min)	101 ± 16	76 ± 13	<0.001
WBC (/μL)	17,104 ± 7,579	8,874 ± 4,090	<0.001
Plt (/μL)	22.7 ± 11.5	31.7 ± 10.7	0.001
CRP (mg/dL)	20.9 ± 8.8	4.6 ± 3.9	<0.001
PCT (ng/mL)	44.2 ± 102.9	0.7 ± 1.3	0.064
ln(PCT)	1.90 ± 1.94	0.39 ± 0.46	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	7 (33.3)	–	–
Diabetes mellitus (%)	6 (28.6)	–	–

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD. Paired t-test was used to compare before and after 1 week of treatment.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; HR, heart rate; WBC, white blood cell; Plt, platelet; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT; procalcitonin.

Table 2 Types And Proportions Of Infectious Diseases Diagnosed Among Participant

Infectious Disease	Frequency (%)
Pyelonephritis	9 (42.9)
Pneumoniae, lung abscess	4 (19.0)
Hepatic abscess, cholecystitis	4 (19.0)
Iliopsoas abscess	1 (4.8)
Spondylitis	1 (4.8)
Vasculitis	1 (4.8)
Cellulitis	1 (4.8)

Table 3 Correlations Among Changes In Clinical Variables

	ΔCAVI	ΔSBP	ΔDBP	ΔHR	ΔWBC	ΔPlt	ΔCRP	ΔPCT	Δln(PCT)
ΔCAVI		0.585	0.182	0.301	0.300	0.233	0.023	−0.369	−0.546
ΔSBP	0.005		0.522	−0.201	0.013	0.096	0.061	−0.278	−0.611
ΔDBP	0.430	0.015		−0.520	0.112	−0.123	0.227	−0.101	−0.276
ΔHR	0.185	0.383	0.016		0.305	0.311	−0.242	−0.280	−0.316
ΔWBC	0.187	0.956	0.628	0.179		0.104	0.149	0.042	0.139
ΔPlt	0.310	0.680	0.595	0.170	0.654		−0.335	−0.141	−0.387
ΔCRP	0.922	0.791	0.323	0.291	0.519	0.138		0.259	0.210
ΔPCT	0.100	0.222	0.664	0.219	0.856	0.541	0.256		0.690
Δln(PCT)	0.010	0.003	0.227	0.163	0.549	0.083	0.361	0.001

Notes: Pearson’s rank correlation matrix showing statistical relationships. Right side (above diagonal) shows correlations of the raw values; left side (below diagonal) shows P values.

Abbreviations: CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; HR, heart rate; WBC, white blood cell; Plt, platelet; CRP; C-reactive protein; PCT; procalcitonin.

Table 4 Comparison Of Characteristics At Presentation And Changes In Parameters In Subjects With Higher Or Lower PCT Level

	Subjects With PCT ≥ 2.0 ng/mL	Subjects With PCT < 2.0 ng/mL	P
N (male/female)	10 (7/3)	11 (7/4)	1.000*
Age (years)	62.0 ± 19.8	63.5 ± 19.3	0.858
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.6 ± 4.2	23.5 ± 6.9	0.667
CAVI	7.0 ± 2.5	8.7 ± 2.1	0.098
ΔCAVI	2.4 ± 1.6	1.1 ± 0.9	0.037
SBP (mmHg)	110 ± 30	131 ± 27	0.103
ΔSBP (mmHg)	17 ± 35	−8 ± 17	0.051
DBP (mmHg)	66 ± 20	73 ± 7	0.232
ΔDBP (mmHg)	4 ± 24	−3 ± 6	0.378
HR (/min)	97 ± 15	105 ± 16	0.218
ΔHR (/min)	−19 ± 13	−31 ± 12	0.048
WBC (/μL)	15,929 ± 5,604	18,172 ± 9,164	0.512
ΔWBC (/μL)	−8,699 ± 5,901	−7,714 ± 5,505	0.698
Plt (/μL)	18.8 ± 9.6	26.4 ± 12.3	0.133
ΔPlt (/μL)	14.3 ± 12.0	4.2 ± 8.1	0.035
CRP (mg/dL)	22.8 ± 8.6	19.2 ± 9.0	0.356
ΔCRP (mg/dL)	−17.4 ± 7.3	−15.4 ± 7.9	0.558
PCT (ng/mL)	92.2 ± 136.5	0.5 ± 0.5	0.038
ln(PCT)	3.56 ± 1.55	0.39 ± 0.30	<0.001
ΔPCT (ng/mL)	−90.9 ± 134.8	−0.3 ± 0.7	0.038
Δln(PCT)	−2.92 ± 1.18	−0.23 ± 0.40	<0.001

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD. Student’s t-test and *Fischer exact test are used to compare subjects with or without PCT ≥ 2.0 ng/mL.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; HR, heart rate; WBC, white blood cell; Plt, platelet; CRP; C-reactive protein; PCT; procalcitonin.

Figure 1 Changes in CAVI, SBP and HR before and after 1 week of sepsis treatment.

Notes: CAVI, SBP or HR for each participant at presentation (circles) and after 1 week of treatment (squares); Continuous lines indicate subjects with serum PCT < 2.0 ng/mL (N=11), and dotted lines indicate those with PCT ≥ 2.0 ng/mL (N=10).
Abbreviations: CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; HR, heart rate.