Metabolic Syndrome for Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality Among General Japanese People: A Mini Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of article selection: Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease morbidity.

Figure 2 Flow chart of article selection: Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Table 1 Summary of the Predictive Value of MetS on CVD Morbidity

Study	Participants (n)	Age (Years)	Follow-Up (Years)	Definition of MetS (Abdominal Obesity)	CVD Incidence		Coronary Heart Disease		Stroke
					n	HR (95% CI)	n	HR (95% CI)	n	HR (95% CI)
Suita Study^a [Kokubo Y, et al]^Citation16	M: 2492	30–79	12.5	Japanese	M: 48	1.34 (0.96–1.87)	M: 22	1.51 (0.91–2.48)	M: 26	1.27 (0.81–1.97)
	W: 2840			(Waist circumference)	W: 19	2.20 (1.31–3.68)	W: 7	2.70 (1.15–6.35)	W: 12	2.05 (1.07–3.92)
				NCEP-ATPIII (Asian)	M: 55	1.75 (1.27–2.41)	M: 26	2.12 (1.31–3.43)	M: 29	1.58 (1.02–2.43)
				(Waist circumference)	W: 56	1.90 (1.31–2.77)	W: 21	2.77 (1.44–5.32)	W: 35	1.62 (1.02–2.58)
Hisayama Study^b [Doi Y, et al]^Citation17	M: 1050	≥40	14	Japanese	M: 34	1.28 (0.86–1.91)	–	–	–	–
	W: 1402			(Waist circumference)	W: 19	1.89 (1.15–3.10)	–	–	–	–
				Modified Japanese	M: 24	2.49 (1.57–3.94)	–	–	–	–
				(Waist circumference)	W: 47	2.27 (1.55–3.32)	–	–	–	–
				Modified NCEP-ATPIII	M: 40	1.66 (1.14–2.43)	–	–	–	–
				(Waist circumference)	W: 62	1.88 (1.30–2.74)	–	–	–	–

Notes: ^aAdjusted Confounders: age, smoking, drinking. ^bAdjusted Confounders: age, proteinuria, cholesterol, electrocardiogram abnormalities, alcohol, exercise, smoking. The bold text shows a HR (95% CI) level with a significance of P<0.05.

Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; CVD, cardiovascular disease; n, number; M, men; W, women; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval, NCEP-ATPIII, National Cholesterol Education Program - the third revision of Adult Treatment Panel.

Table 2 Summary of the Predictive Value of MetS on CVD Mortality

Study	Participants (n)	Age (Years)	Follow-Up (Years)	Definition of MetS (Abdominal Obesity)	CVD Mortality		Coronary Heart Disease		Stroke
					n (rate)	HR (95% CI)	n	HR (95% CI)	n	HR (95% CI)
Jichi Medical School Study^a [Niwa Y, et al]^Citation18	M: 914	40–69	12.5	Japanese	M: 5 (5.0^d)	1.84 (0.68–4.96)	-	-	-	-
	W: 1262			(Waist circumference)	W: 1 (3.6^d)	1.31 (0.17–9.96)	-	-	-	-
JPHC Study^b [Saito I, et al]^Citation19	M: 12,412	40–69	12.3	Japanese	M: 177	1.54 (1.02–2.31)	M: 71	1.91 (1.05–3.48)	M: 106	1.31 (0.75–2.29)
	W: 21,639			(BMI)	W: 127	1.31 (0.79–2.18)	W: 38	2.56 (1.19–5.48)	W: 89	0.88 (0.44–1.77)
				NCEP-ATPIII	M: 177	1.41 (0.99–2.02)	M: 71	1.76 (1.03–3.01)	M: 106	1.20 (0.74–1.94)
				(BMI)	W: 127	1.44 (0.98–2.11)	W: 38	1.90 (0.97–3.74)	W: 89	1.26 (0.79–2.03)
Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study^c [Irie F, et al]^Citation20	M: 30,774	40–79	12	NCEP-ATPIII	M: 226	1.83 (1.41–2.38)	M: 85	2.54 (1.55–4.15)	M: 51	1.38 (0.84–2.27)
	W: 60,383			(BMI)	W: 322	1.90 (1.45–2.49)	W: 79	2.20 (1.24–3.89)	W: 79	2.37 (1.26–4.46)

Notes: ^aAdjusted Confounders: age, smoking, alcohol. ^bAdjusted Confounders: age, dietary, smoking, alcohol, exercise. ^cAdjusted Confounders: age, smoking, alcohol, dietary, cholesterol. ^dRates of mortality: adjusted for per 1000 person-years. The bold text shows a HR (95% CI) level with a significance of P<0.05.

Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; CVD, cardiovascular disease; n, number; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; M, men; W, women; BMI, body mass index; NCEP-ATPIII, National Cholesterol Education Program - the third revision of Adult Treatment Panel.

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