Predictive Performance of Pender’s Health Promotion Model for Hypertension Control in Iranian Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Association of the Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Mean Total Score of Hypertension Control Amongst the Studied Iranian Patients

Variables	Number of the Study Attendants (%)	Mean Total Score (SD) of Hypertension Control	P-value
Gender
Male	209 (55%)	18.81 (4.31)	0.006*
Female	171 (45%)	20.03 (4.23)
Marital status
Single	84 (22.1)	19.42 (4.0)	0.870
Married	296 (77.9)	19.34 (4.39)
Level of education
Literate	116 (30.5)	19.62 (3.97)	0.406
Illiterate	264 (69.5)	19.24 (4.46)
Occupational status
Employed	36 (9.5)	19.27 (4.65)	0.908
Unemployed	344 (90.5)	19.37 (4.29)
Having health insurance
Yes	339 (89.2)	19.43 (4.36)	0.311
No	41 (10.8)	18.79 (3.64)
Other comorbidities
Yes	151 (39.7)	19.60 (4.24)	0.365
No	229 (60.3)	19.20 (4.36)
History of smoking
Yes	155 (40.8)	18.48 (4.1)	0.001*
No	225 (59.2)	19.96 (4.31)
Current smoking
Yes	128 (33.7)	18.42 (4.21)	0.002*
No	252 (66.3)	19.83 (4.30)

Notes: *P-values less than 0.01 indicated a statistically significant association according to the independent t-test outputs. Mean age (SD)=52.94 (12.8).

Table 2 Correlation Between Total and Subscale Scores of the Inventory of Hypertension Control Determinants Classified Based on the Pender’s Health Promotion Model Constructs

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Disease control	1
Perceived benefits	0.617**	1
Perceived barriers	−0.488**	−0.336*	1
Commitment to action	0.628**	0.570**	−0.549**	1
Perceived self-efficacy	0.411**	0.304**	−0.423**	0.428**	1
Situational influences	0.446**	0.287**	−0.459**	0.491**	0.600**	1
Interpersonal influences	0.393**	0.294**	−0.443**	0.441**	0.659**	0.698**	1

Note: **P-values less than 0.01 indicated a statistically significant correlation according to the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.

Table 3 Predictors of Hypertension Control Amongst the Studied Iranian Hypertensive Patients

Variables	Unadjusted Univariate Analysis Statistics
	Beta	95% CI	P-value	R squared
Gender	0.141	(0.353,2.09)	0.006**	0.020
History of previous smoking	0.169	(0.610,2.36)	0.001**	0.029
Current smoking	0.154	(0.495, 2.32)	0.003**	0.024
Perceived benefits to change behavior	0.617	(0.702,0.910)	0.001**	0.379
Perceived barriers to change behavior	−0.488	(−0.307,−0.213)	0.001**	0.236
Commitment to action	0.628	(0.731,0.941)	0.001**	0.393
Perceived self-efficacy to change behavior	0.411	(0.709,1.11)	0.001**	0.167
Situational influences	0.446	(0.915,1.38)	0.001**	0.197
Interpersonal influences	0.393	(0.768,1.24)	0.001**	0.152

Note: **P-values less than 0.01 indicated a statistically significant correlation according to the univariate analysis outputs.

Table 4 Main Determinants of Hypertension Control Amongst the Studied Iranian Patients

Variables	Adjusted Multiple Linear Regression Statistics
	Beta	95% CI	P-value	# Total R^2
Perceived benefits	0.372	(0.375,0.597)	0.001**	0.525
Perceived barriers	−0.138	(−0.120,−0.027)	0.002**
Situational influences	0.269	(0.158,0.584)	0.001**
Interpersonal influences	0.144	(0.227,0.490)	0.001**

Notes: **P-values less than 0.01 indicated a statistically significant correlation according to the multiple linear regression analysis outputs. ^#Final model based on the backward analysis.