Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in the Elderly

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Population

	Mean ± Standard Deviation (85)	Women (50)	Men (35)	P
Age (years)	69.54±4.15	69.23±3.80	70.03±4.66	0.37
Body weight (kg)	70.38±13.90	64.85±11.40	78.90±13.19	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.29±3.84	25.82±3.71	27.02±3.97	0.14
Waist circumference (cm)	88.58±11.75	83.62±9.85	96.42±10.23	<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	99.76±7.83	99.64±8.32	99.95±7.12	0.85
Fat body mass (kg)	22.44±71.79	23.40±67.42	20.99±76.60	0.11
Fat body mass (%)	32.15±7.24	36.06±5.07	26.24±5.91	<0.001
Lean body mass (kg)	44.80±94.87	38.51±50.35	54.33±60.27	<0.001
Glycemia (mg/dL)	91.97±13.76	92.33±12.07	91.38±16.27	0.75
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	215.98±36.82	222.98±34.52	204.85±38.11	0.02
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	59.61±17.21	63.67±17.70	53.18±14.43	0.01
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	135.07±31.02	139.07±30.40	128.70±31.37	0.13
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	104.52±46.31	100.94±45.82	110.21±47.20	0.36
Glycated Hemoglobin (%)	5.72±0.33	5.80±0.30	5.59±0.34	0.01
SBP (mmHg)	147.50±19.78	144.84±19.40	151.46±19.95	0.12
DBP (mmHg)	84.04±8.96	83.02±9.25	85.57±8.41	0.18
PP (mm Hg)	63.46±15.85	61.82±15.71	65.89±15.95	0.23
MBP (mmHg)	105.20±11.32	103.62±11.30	107.53±11.10	0.11
cf PWV (m/s)	10.27±2.44	7.93±1.16	8.67±1.26	0.01
cr PWV (m/s)	8.21±1.25	10.15±2.32	10.47±2.64	0.59
Leptin (ng/mL)	15.92±13.18	20.65±13.99	9.15±8.18	<0.001
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	14.74±7.23	17.94±7.04	10.04±4.45	<0.001

Table 2 Comparison Between Main Anthropometric, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Variables of the Study Population Divided into Two Groups: Group 1 with High Adiponectin (3rd Tertile) and Low Leptin (1st and 2nd Tertile); Group 2 with High Leptin (3rd Tertile) and Low Adiponectin (1st and 2nd Tertile)

			High Adiponectin and Low Leptin		High Leptin and Low Adiponectin		P
			N=18		N=18
Age (years)			69.12±3.28		70.72±5.22		0.29
M/F Body weight (kg)			16/2 58.36±7.02		13/5 80.43±13.61		NS <0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)			23.13±2.45		30.37±3.51		<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)			78.32±7.03		97.18±11.92		<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)			94.92±6.97		107.00±5.30		<0.001
Fat body mass (kg)			18.43±46.47		30.49±50.29		<0.001
Fat body mass %			31.81±5.05		38.84±4.13		<0.001
Lean body mass (kg)			37.07±38.84		46.05±90.53		<0.001
Glycemia (mg/dL)			90.93±7.69		92.89±17.97		0.70
Tot cholesterol (mg/dL)			225.93±28.12		223.06±28.77		0.77
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)			77.00±21.98		54.06±11.06		<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)			133.73±25.38		145.39±25.76		0.20
Triglycerides (mg/dl)			75.67±27.22		117.17±44.58		0.01
SBP (mmHg)			138.88±14.52		155.82±21.26		0.01
DBP (mmHg)			81.94±8.44		85.12±9.82		0.32
PP (mmHg)			56.94±9.02		70.71±14.10		0.01
MBP (mmHg)			100.92±9.99		108.69±13.07		0.06
cf PWV (m/s)			8.79±1.63		12.04±2.39		<0.001
cr PWV (m/s)			8.00±1.15		8.22±1.43		0.66

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; cf PWV, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity; cr PWV, carotid radial pulse wave velocity; NS, not significant.

Figure 1 Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity values in different study groups before (red columns) and after (blue columns) adjustment for gender, fat mass%, MBP, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

Table 3 Backward Multiple Regression Considering PWVcf as Dependent Variable and Age, Gender, MBP, HDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Fat Body Mass Percent, Adipokines Category as Independent Variables, in the Complete Study Population (n=85)

Variables	Coefficient β	p	R2
Age	0.25	0.02
MBP	0.27	0.02
Triglycerides	0.22	0.05
High leptin and low adiponectin	0.26	0.02	0.356

Abbreviations: MBP, mean blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.

Table 4 Binary Logistic Regression Considering Subclinic Vascular Damage (Cf PWF>10 m/s) as Dependent Variable and Age, Gender, MBP, Fat Body Mass Percent, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol and the Category with High Leptin and Low Adiponectin as Independent Variables, in the Complete Study Population (n=85)

Variables	Coefficient β	SE	OR	CI	p
Age	0.121	0.07	1.13	0.99–1.29	0.07
Gender	−0.20	1.00	1.14	0.02–1.01	0.051
MBP	0.09	0.03	1.09	1.03–1.16	0.01
HDL Cholesterol	−0.02	0.02	0.98	0.95–1.02	0.42
Triglycerides	−0.06	0.01	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.47
Fat body mass %	−0.12	0.07	0.88	0.77–1.02	0.08
High leptin and low adiponectin	1.28	0.568	3.61	1.19–11.00	0.02

Abbreviations: MBP, mean blood pressure; HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein.