Distribution Pattern of Atherosclerosis in the Abdomen and Lower Extremities and Its Association with Clinical and Hematological Factors

Figures & data

Figure 1 Three types of atherosclerosis and three subtypes of atherosclerosis. In computed tomography angiography, the dashed lines represent the inguinal ligaments between the right and left anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercle.

Table 1 Three Types of Atherosclerosis in 227 Patients

Types of Atherosclerosis	Number of Patients (%)
1	132 (58)
2	0 (0)
3	95 (42)

Table 2 Three Subtypes of Atherosclerosis in the Infrainguinal Arteries of the 95 Patients with Type 3 Atherosclerosis without Considering the Suprainguinal Arteries

Subtypes of Infrainguinal Atherosclerosis	Number of Patients (%)
A	34 (36)
B	7 (7)
C	54 (57)

Table 3 Comparison of Nominal Variables Between Type 1 and 3 Atherosclerosis Patients

Variables	Category	Type 1 n. of pts/Total pts	Type 3 n. of pts/Total pts	OR (95% CI)	P*
Sex	male	38/96 (39.6%)	58/96 (60.4%)	0.258 (0.148–0.451)	<0.001
	female	94/131 (71.8%)	37/131 (28.2%)
Hypertension	No	78/111 (70.3%)	33/111 (29.7%)	2.714 (1.571–4.688)	<0.001
	Yes	54/116 (46.6%)	62/116 (53.4%)
Diabetes mellitus	No	105/165 (63.6%)	60/165 (36.4%)	2.269 (1.253–4.108)	0.006
	Yes	27/62 (43.5%)	35/62 (56.5%)

Note: *Chi-square test.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; n., number; pts, patients.

Table 4 Comparison of Continuous Variables Between Type 1 and 3 Atherosclerosis Patients

Variables	Type of Atherosclerosis	Number of Patients	Mean±SD	p-value*
Age (years)	1	132	64.31±9.50	<0.001
	3	95	71.44±9.16
Body mass index	1	132	25.37±3.64	0.318
	3	95	24.91±3.91
Smoking.pack.years	1	132	8.32±19.12	<0.001
	3	95	27.06±34.97
Days of alcohol consumption	1	132	2220.36±4390.68	0.004
	3	94	5021.23±6826.21
Anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody IgG	1	132	3.05±6.32	0.844
	3	95	2.47±2.69
Anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody IgM	1	132	7.01±7.79	0.709
	3	95	7.68±8.59
Anticardiolipin antibody IgG	1	132	7.43±8.42	0.761
	3	95	8.00±9.79
Anticardiolipin antibody IgM	1	132	4.36±5.64	0.267
	3	95	4.10±6.09
Lupus anticoagulant	1	132	0.87±0.10	0.025
	3	95	0.92±0.15
Protein C	1	132	111.17±22.37	0.579
	3	95	109.17±21.62
Protein S	1	132	75.93±20.52	0.523
	3	95	75.04±20.25
Fibrinogen	1	131	278.85±83.15	0.063
	3	95	307.37±115.18
Antithrombin III	1	132	92.10±13.02	0.843
	3	95	91.54±15.95
Factor 8	1	132	120.62±24.75	0.070
	3	95	124.42±27.60
HbA1c	1	132	5.80±0.91	0.001
	3	95	6.23±1.07
Total cholesterol	1	132	180.77±40.38	0.005
	3	95	168.05±41.45
HDL	1	132	51.86±12.67	0.001
	3	95	46.74±15.12
LDL	1	132	103.06±37.24	0.006
	3	95	89.99±31.15
Triglyceride	1	132	149.68±108.48	0.498
	3	95	171.94±156.32
Homocysteine	1	132	9.66±3.057	<0.001
	3	95	14.14±10.18

Note: *Mann Whitney U-test.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 5 Multivariate Analysis Between Type 1 and 3 Atherosclerosis Patients and Risk Factors for Type 3 Atherosclerosis

Variables	B	SE	OR (95% CI)	P
Age	0.073	0.018	1.076 (1.039–1.114)	<0.001
smoking·pack·year	0.023	0.008	1.023 (1.008–1.038)	0.003
HbA1c	0.355	0.180	1.426 (1.002–2.031)	0.049
Homocysteine	0.122	0.045	1.130 (1.036–1.233)	0.006
Constant	−9.126	1.677	0.000	<0.001

Note: Data were obtained from binary logistic regression analysis (forward stepwise method).

Abbreviations: B, coefficient; SE, standard error; OR, estimated odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 6 Comparison of ABI and TBI Scores Between Type 1 and 3 Atherosclerosis Patients

Variables	Type of Atherosclerosis	Number of Patients	Mean±SD	p-value*
Right ABI	1	132	1.13±0.10	0.029
	3	91	1.05±0.25
Left ABI	1	132	1.12±0.12	0.023
	3	92	1.04±0.24
Right TBI	1	131	0.77±0.14	0.003
	3	91	0.67±0.26
Left TBI	1	131	0.78±0.15	<0.001
	3	92	0.66±0.25

Note: *Mann Whitney U-test.

Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index (ankle blood pressure/brachial blood pressure); TBI, toe brachial index (toe blood pressure/brachial blood pressure); SD, standard deviation.