Long-Term Prognosis in Young Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Variable	N=165
Age (years) mean ± SD	36.81 ± 4.24
Male sex, n (%)	145 (88)
Origin, n (%)
Arabs	83 (50)
Jews	82 (50)
Risk factors, n (%)
Family history of IHD	76 (46)
Hypertension	33 (20)
Hyperlipidemia	94 (57)
Diabetes mellitus	25 (15)
Smoking	110 (67)
ACS presentation, n (%)
Unstable angina	54 (33)
NSTEMI	31 (19)
STEMI	80 (48)
LV function^a (assessed by echocardiogram), n (%)
Normal	49 (46.5)
Mild to moderately reduced	47 (45)
Severely reduced	9 (8.5)
MVD	70 (42)
Culprit lesion (%)
LM	1 (0.6)
LAD	73 (44)
LCX	27 (16)
RCA	47 (29)
Indeterminate	17 (28)
PCI ≥ 1 stent	130 (82)

Note: ^a105 Patients with available data.

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IQR, interquartile; NSTEMI, non-ST elevation segment myocardial Infraction; STEMI, ST elevation segment myocardial Infraction; LV, left ventricle; LAD, left anterior descending; LCX, left circumflex; LM, left main; MVD, multi-vessel disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery.

Table 2 Predictors for Mortality and/or Major CV Events (Univariate Analysis)

Parameter	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Sex	1.55 (0.81–2.97)	0.19
Race	1.26 (0.86–1.85)	0.23
HTN	1.84 (1.18–2.85)	0.007
DM	1.08 (0.65–1.80)	0.76
Smoking	1.05 (0.70–1.57)	0.83
Family history of IHD	0.63 (0.43–0.94)	0.02
LAD lesion	1.38 (0.94–2.01)	0.09
MVD	1.17 (0.79–1.72)	0.42
Stent; none vs ≥1	2.00 (1.26–3.18)	0.003

Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; DM, diabetes mellitus; HLP, hyperlipidemia, HTN, hypertension; LAD, left anterior descending; MVD, multi-vessel disease; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction.

Figure 1 Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing cumulative survival free from mortality event (A) and from mortality and/or major CV event (B).

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing cumulative survival free from mortality and major CV event in patient with and without hypertension.

Table 3 Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Major CV Event and/or Mortality

Parameter	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Sex	1.18 (0.57–2.42)	0.65
Race	1.13 (0.74–1.73)	0.58
HTN	1.61 (1.0–2.6)	0.05
DM	0.75 (0.44–1.30)	0.31
Smoking	0.77 (0.49–1.23)	0.27
Family history of IHD	0.67 (0.45–1.02)	0.06
LAD lesion	1.59 (1.04–2.44)	0.03
MVD	1.26 (0.83–1.91)	0.28
Stent; none vs ≥1	1.77 (1.09–2.9)	0.02

Abbreviations: CC, cardiovascular; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LAD, left anterior descending; MVD, multi-vessel disease.

Table 4 Linear Model for Recurrent Annual Event (N=145)

Variable	Parameter	Standard Error	P-value
Sex	−0.090	0.14	0.51
Race	−0.043	0.09	0.62
HTN	0.310	0.11	0.004
DM	0.062	0.12	0.59
Family history of IHD	−0.144	0.08	0.09
Smoking	−0.028	0.10	0.77
LAD involvement	0.072	0.09	0.41
Stent insertion ≥ 1	0.038	0.10	0.72

Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LAD, left anterior descending.