Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Outcome of Acute Heart Failure Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of AHF Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2019 to 2020

Variable	Categories	Frequency (%)	Mean ± SD	Median (IQR)
Age (years)			51.17 ± 19.03
Gender	Male	92 (40.7)
	Female	134 (59.3)
Precipitating factors	Undefined	71 (31.4)
	AF	34 (15.0)
	Non-compliance	38 (16.8)
	Infection (CAP)	83 (36.7)
Comorbidities	CAP	112 (49.6)
	IHD	66 (29.2)
	DVHD	62 (27.4)
	HTN	60 (26.5)
	AF	59 (26.1)
	Anemia	58 (25.7)
	CRHD	43 (19.0)
	Renal disease	43 (19.0)
	AF	59 (26.1)
	DM	11 (4.9)
Causes of AHF	IHD	61 (27.0)
	HHD	10 (4.4)
	CRHD	44 (19.5)
	Corpulmonale	40 (17.7)
	DCM	31 (13.7)
	DVHD	20 (8.8)
	Anemia	9 (4.0)
	Others	11 (4.9)
NYHA classification	III	5 (2.2)
	IV	221 (97.8)
Vital signs	Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)			110 (100–120)
	Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)			70 (60–80)
	Heart rate (beats/minute)			96 (88–110)
	Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)			24 (22–28)
	Temperature (C^0)			36.5 (36.2–36.9)
Laboratory findings	Serum creatinine (mg/dl)			0.88 (0.71–1.30)
	Serum sodium (meq/L)		139.19 ± 5.64
	Serum potassium (meq/L)		3.95 ± 0.80
	Hemoglobin (g/dl)		12.04 ± 3.28

Abbreviations: IHD, ischemic heart disease; CRHD, chronic rheumatic heart disease; DCMP, dilated cardiomyopathy; DVHD, degenerative valvular heart disease; HHD, hypertensive heart diseases; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; HTN, hypertension; AF, atrial fibrillation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.

Figure 1 Clinical findings of AHF patients admitted to the medical ward of University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from 2019 to 2020.

Figure 2 Medications received by AHF patients admitted to the medical ward of University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from 2019 to 2020.

Table 2 Bivariable and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Explanatory Variables and In-Hospital Mortality of AHF Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2019 to 2020

Variable	Categories	In-Hospital Mortality		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
		Yes N (%)	No N (%)
Precipitating factors	Undefined	2 (2.8)	69 (97.2)	0.37 (0.07–1.9)	0.793 (0.06–10.25)
	Atrial fibrillation	7 (20.6)	27 (79.4)	3.33 (1.03–10.78)	9.46 (1.49–60.29) *
	Non-compliance to medical	9 (23.7)	29 (76.3)	3.98 (1.30–12.18)	0.16 (0.01–3.72)
	CAP	6 (7.2)	77 (92.8)	Ref	Ref
HTN	Yes	15 (25.0)	45 (75.0)	5.82 (2.39–11.16)	0.88 (0.12–6.33)
	No	9 (5.4)	157 (94.6)	Ref	Ref
Anemia	Yes	9 (15.5)	49 (84.5)	1.87 (0.78–4.54)	0.312 (0.01–8.42)
	No	15 (8.9)	153 (81.9)	Ref	Ref
Renal disease	Yes	11 (25.6)	32 (74.4)	4.45 (1.85–10.91)	1.54 (0.07–32.91)
	No	13 (7.1)	170 (92.9)	Ref	Ref
Stroke	Yes	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	5.63 (1.26–25.23)	2.63 (0.11–65.03)
	No	24 (10.6)	202 (89.4)	Ref	Ref
IHD	Yes	19 (28.8)	47 (71.2)	12.53(4.44–35.38)	8.23(1.15–58.89) *
	No	5 (3.1)	155 (96.9)	Ref	Ref
LVEF (%)	≤ 40	21 (25.3)	62 (74.7)	15.80(4.55–54.95)	5.36(2.81–35.52) *
	> 40	3 (2.1)	140 (97.9)	Ref	Ref
Serum Creatine (mg/dl)	≤ 1.2	11 (6.6)	156 (93.4)	Ref	Ref
	> 1.2	13 (22.0)	46 (78.0)	4.01(1.68–9.54)	1.21(0.07–20.62)
Orthopnea	Yes	11 (6.6)	156 (93.4)	4.01(1.68–9.54)	6.63(2.94–46.76) *
	No	13 (22.0)	46 (78.0)	Ref	Ref
Metoprolol	Yes	11 (23.4)	36 (76.6)	0.26(0.11,0.62)	0.55(0.10–3.04)
	No	13 (7.3)	166 (92.7)	Ref	Ref
UFH	Yes	5 (31.3)	11 (68.8)	0.22(0.07,0.69)	0.16(0.01–1.95)
	No	19 (9.0)	191 (91.0)	Ref	Ref
Number of medications	< 3	2 (2.1)	92 (97.9)	Ref	Ref
	≥ 3	22 (16.7)	110 (83.3)	9.20(2.11–40.16)	2.16(0.14–33.29)
INO2	Yes	14 (16.5)	71 (83.5)	2.58(1.09–6.12)	9.41(1.35–65.82) *
	No	10 (7.1)	131 (92.9)	Ref	Ref

Note: Ref: Reference category, *statistically significant at p<0.05.

Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; CAP, community acquired pneumonia; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; UFH, unfractionated heparin; INO₂, intranasal oxygen therapy; COR, crude odd ratio; AOR, adjusted odd ratio; CI, confidence interval.