Figures & data
Figure 1 Absolute risk for coronary heart disease by age and usual systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Reproduced with permission from The Lancet, Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903–1913.Citation1 Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 2 Absolute risk for coronary heart disease by age and serum cholesterol levels.
Reproduced with permission from The Lancet, Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, et al; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1829–1839.Citation2 Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 3 Relative risk for (A) coronary heart disease and (B) stroke by standardized difference (10 mmHg of systolic blood pressure or 5 mmHg of diastolic blood pressure) between clinical trial arms in patients with and without previous cardiovascular disease, and the size effect prediction from cohort studies.
Reproduced with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Limited. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665.Citation5 Copyright 2009.
Table 1 Effect of agents that interfere on lipid metabolism and consequences on surrogate and hard outcomes. Based on data from previous studiesCitation8,Citation12,Citation18–Citation21