Disparity in risk factor pattern in premature versus late-onset coronary artery disease: a survey of 15,381 patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and functional parameters

	Group 1 (n = 5725)	Group 2 (n = 9656)	P-value
Age (years)*	50.5 ± 7.2	69.4 ± 7.4	<0.001
Female (%)	37.6	31.6	<0.001
Height (cm)*	171.9 ± 9.3	169.4 ± 9.2	<0.001
Weight (kg)*	82.8 ± 15.6	78.5 ± 13.5	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m^2)*	30.0 ± 4.7	27.4 ± 4.1	<0.001
Diagnosis
STEMI (%)	55.3	39.9	<0.001
NSTEMI (%)	15.0	11.3	<0.001
Unstable AP (%)	18.8	24.0	<0.001
Stabile CAD	18.9	24.8	<0.001
Therapy
Primary PCI (%)	67.2	48.6	<0.001
CABG (%)	38.1	56.7	<0.001
Conservative (%)	22.3	28.9	<0.001
Comorbidity
PAD (%)	6.9	13.9	<0.001
Stroke (%)	7.2	13.1	<0.001
Carotid stenosis > 50% (%)	3.1	8.2	<0.001
COPD (%)	7.1	11.3	<0.001

Note:

* Data presented as mean plus or minus standard deviation.

Abbreviations: STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; AP, angina pectoris; CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.

Table 2 Conventional and extended cardiovascular risk factors

	Group 1 (n = 5725)	Group 2 (n = 9656)	P-value
Conventional risk factors
Dyslipidemia (%)	92.7	91.8	0.04
Arterial hypertension (%)	71.4	87.0	<0.001
Current smoker (%)	31.5	9.4	<0.001
Former smoker (%)	48.7	40.0	<0.001
Family history (%)	43.6	26.5	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	23.5	30.1	<0.001
OGTTa
Performed [n (%)]	842 (20.0%)	393 (6.1%)	<0.001
IGT [n (%)]	94 (11.2)	63 (16.0)	0.038
Diabetes [n (%)]	17 (2.1)	9 (2.3)	0.038
Lp(a)
Determined [n (%)]	1154 (20.2)	446 (4.8)	<0.001
>30 mg/dL [n (%)]	90 (7.8)	38 (8.2)	0.810
Determined Lp(a) (mg/dL)b	10.8 ± 20.9	10.3 ± 22.3	0.022

Notes:

a In patients without documented diabetes;

b data presented as mean plus or minus standard deviation.

Abbreviations: OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a).

Figure 1 Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors associated with premature versus (vs) late-onset coronary artery disease (CAD).

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Trend of arterial hypertension, lipid profile, and plasma glucose level during cardiac rehabilitation

	Admission			Discharge
	Group 1	Group 2	P-value	Group 1	Group 2	P-value
RR syst (mmHg)	129.7 ± 20.6	135.2 ± 21.0	<0.001	119.5 ± 13.2	123.3 ± 14.0	<0.001
RR diast (mmHg)	79.3 ± 11.8	77.7 ± 11.3	<0.001	74.1 ± 8.6	73.0 ± 8.7	<0.001
Total-C (mg/dL)	199.8 ± 47.6	215.3 ± 38.6	<0.001	164.4 ± 33.4	168.5 ± 33.1	<0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	121.9 ± 38.5	137.6 ± 29.0	<0.001	91.8 ± 26.6	97.2 ± 26.9	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	42.5 ± 13.3	44.7 ± 12.6	<0.001	43.0 ± 12.0	44.8 ± 12.0	<0.001
TG (mg/dL)	172.8 ± 78.5	157.5 ± 65.4	<0.001	149.9 ± 66.7	134.3 ± 53.2	<0.001
FG (mg/dL)	102.0 ± 27.9	108.6 ± 30.0	<0.001	99.7 ± 23.1	104.5 ± 22.8	<0.001

Note: Data other than P-values are presented as mean plus or minus standard deviation.

Abbreviations: RR syst, systolic blood pressure; RR diast, diastolic blood pressure; Total-C, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; FG, fasting glucose plasma level.

Figure 2 Target value attainment after cardiac rehabilitation: comparison of groups 1 and 2.

Abbreviations: LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BP, blood pressure.