Arterial Stiffness in Aortic Stenosis and the Impact of Aortic Valve Replacement

Figures & data

Table 1 Studies of Arterial Stiffness in Aortic Valve Stenosis

Study	Cohort	Change in SBP	Change in Stiffness	Day Post AVR	Method	Comments
Barbetseas et al 2006^Citation9	31 SAVR, 52% male, mean age 67	⇔	↑	7 and 180	ASi	No change in stiffness after 6 months. ΔASi correlated with AVAi.
Nemes et al 2007^Citation10	12 SAVR, 58% male, mean age 65	↓SBP	↓	21, 180 and 365	ASi	Gradual decreased ASi with time
Vavuranakis et al 2012^Citation11	30 TAVI, 47% male, mean age 80	↑ MAP ⇔ SBP	⇔	7–8	ASi	No significant Δstiffness nor aortic distensibility
Vizzardi et al 2014^Citation12	15 TAVI, 40% male, mean age 83	⇔	↓	180 and 365	ASi	Sustained decreased stiffness after 12 months and increased distensibility
Cantürk et al 2017^Citation14	38 SAVR, 78% male, mean age 59	⇔	⇔	90	PWV (MOG)	Baseline PWV was associated with MPG and AVA.
Goudzwaard et al 2019^Citation15	40 TAVI, 58% male, mean age 80	↓	↓	1	PWV and AIx with MOG	ΔPWV was inversely correlated with baseline PWV
Yotti et al 2015^Citation18	23 TAVI, 63% male, mean age 79	↑ SBP, DBP, MAP	↑	0	Invasive AIx	↑ Vascular load after TAVI
Pagolatou et al 2020^Citation19	33 TAVI, 49% male, mean age 84	↑ aortic BP	↓ AIx	1	Invasive AIx
Müller et al 2018^Citation20	50 TAVI, 45% male, mean age 83	⇔	↓	2–7	AIx (SphygmoCor)	↓ Time to peak after TAVI
Terentes-Printzios et al 2020^Citation21	90 TAVI, 50% male, mean age 80	⇔	↓AIx	1–365	AIx (SphygmoCor)	↓AIx directly after TAVI but no difference after 1 year.
Al Musa et al 2016^Citation13	32 TAVI, 63% male, mean age 81	⇔	⇔	90	aPWV-MRI	Also, decreased distensibility ascending/descending aorta
	40 SAVR, 78% male, mean age 73	⇔	↑	90
Bruschi et al 2016^Citation24	15 SAVR, 60% male, mean age 77	↓ SBP	⇔	7	cfPWV (Complior)	cfPWV correlated with Pmax/mean
	15 TAVI, 40% male, mean age 82	⇔	⇔	7
Chirinos JA et al 2019^Citation22	38 SAVR, 68% male, mean age 72	⇔	↑cfPWV ↑ cMRI	180	cfPWV (SphygmoCor and MRI)	↓ LV mass, ↑ total peripheral resistance, ↓ total arterial compliance
Terentes-Printzios et al 2020^Citation21	90 TAVI, 50% male, mean age 80	⇔	↑cf/baPWV ↓ AIx@75	6 and 365	cfPWV (Complior), baPWV, AIx	Sustained cf/baPWV after 1 year.
Raimundo et al 2021^Citation23	150 SAVR, 51% male, mean age 73	?	↑	~60	cfPWV Complior	cfPWV 9.0±2.1 9.9±2.2
Plunde et al 2021^Citation7	32 SAVR, 67% male, mean age 69	⇔	⇔/↑	3	cfPWV (SphygmoCor) CAVI, baPWV	↑ CAVI/baPWV, ⇔ cfPWV

Notes: A summary of studies assessing aortic/arterial stiffness before and after aortic valve replacement (AVR). Importantly, this tables incorporate a variety of methods including indirect measures of stiffness such as augmentation index, which is also dependent on other entities. Mobil-O-Graph (MOG) is a highly questioned method to determine arterial stiffness as it is almost entirely dependent on age and systolic blood pressure.

Abbreviations: TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; AIx, augmentation index; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ASi, aortic stiffness index; LV, left ventricle; aPWV, aortic pulse wave velocity.

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