Elevated Lp(a) Levels Correlate with Severe and Multiple Coronary Artery Stenotic Lesions

Figures & data

Table 1 Regression Between Lp(a) and CAD Risk Factor

	Total Cholesterol	HDL	LDL	BMI	Age	CAD	Hypertension	Diabetes	Male	Obesity	Smoking	Older Age	High HDL	High LDL
Coefficient	0.05	0.52	0.04	−1.1	0.26	13.65	6.8	10.068	−2.6	−4.9	−7.7	2.4	6.38	−4.12
P-value	0.25	0.006	0.4	0.03	0.16	0.006	0.14	0.06	0.60	0.3	0.14	0.6	0.28	0.44

Notes: CAD: patients with > 50% stenosis. Obesity: BMI ≥30 Kg/m². High HDL: HDL ≥ 35 mg/dL. Low HDL: HDL<35 mg/dL. High LDL: LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL. Low LDL: LDL<100 mg/dL. Older age: patients aged ≥ 65. Statistically significant values (P-value<0.05) are emphasized in bold.

Abbreviation: Lp(a), Lipoprotein(a).

Table 2 Clinical and Biochemical Features of the Study Population by Lp(a) Categories

	Lp(a)<30	Lp(a)≥30	P	Lp(a)<50	Lp(a)≥50	P	Lp(a)<80th Percentile	Lp(a)≥ 80th Percentile	P
	N= 116 (43%)	N= 152 (57%)		N= 180 (67%)	N= 88 (33%)		N= 214 (80%)	N= 54 (20%)
Age	58.897 ± 11.173	59.197 ± 11.703	0.832	58.767 ± 11.040	59.682 ± 12.308	0.54	58.421 ± 11.402	61.630 ± 11.419	0.066
BMI (Kg/m^2)	29.437 ± 4.602	28.525 ± 4.024	0.089	29.267 ± 4.413	28.186 ± 3.978	0.059	29.083 ± 4.394	28.264 ± 3.869	0.223
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	197.147 ± 44.064	206.184 ± 49.643	0.122	198.400 ± 46.112	210.193 ± 49.360	0.056	202.131 ± 48.151	202.833 ± 44.915	0.923
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	118.191 ± 33.356	125.987 ± 42.453	0.105	119.944 ± 38.300	128.091 ± 39.817	0.108	122.662 ± 39.652	122.500 ± 36.246	0.978
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	41.862 ± 9.607	45.928 ± 13.507	0.006	43.244 ± 11.886	46.057 ± 12.453	0.074	43.397 ± 11.560	47.222 ± 13.841	0.038
CRP (mg/L)	8.060 ± 11.811	10.999 ± 16.355	0.104	8.258 ± 11.886	12.754 ± 18.758	0.018	8.976 ± 13.141	12.681 ± 19.212	0.096
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	13.679 ± 6.537	12.967 ± 5.901	0.351	13.222 ± 5.896	13.383 ± 6.765	0.841	13.427 ± 6.610	12.674 ± 4.060	0.425
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	197.931 ± 122.163	195.250 ± 129.272	0.863	195.622 ± 123.664	198.023 ± 131.411	0.884	201.799 ± 132.602	175.056 ± 93.572	0.164
FBS (mg/dL)	111.422 ± 35.532	119.539 ± 48.070	0.128	115.383 ± 41.153	117.341 ± 47.352	0.728	117.883 ± 45.111	108.667 ± 34.018	0.162

Notes: Data are mean values followed by ± standard deviation. The p-value (P) is generated using Two Sample t-test. P-value is significant if P-value < 0.05. Statistically significant values (P<0.05) are emphasized in bold.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-Reactive Protein; Lp(a), Lipoprotein(a); Fx CAD, family history of coronary artery disease; FBS, fasting blood sugar.

Figure 1 Binomial logistic regression analysis between the different categories of Lp(a) and CVD risk factors. The squares indicate odds ratios for high Lp(a), and the horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence intervals (CI). Obesity: BMI ≥30 Kg/m². Older age: patients aged ≥65. High HDL: HDL ≥ 35 mg/dL. High LDL: LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL.

Figure 2 Multinomial logistic regression analysis between CAD category (number of vessels with >50% stenosis) and Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL, Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL and Lp(a) ≥80^th percentile. CAD category 1: patients with >50% stenosis in one vessel; CAD category 2: patients with >50% stenosis in 2 vessels; and CAD category 3: patients with >50% stenosis in 3 or 4 vessels. Values are odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval).

Table 3 Association of SNPs in LPA with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

SNP	Chromosome	Position	Gene	A1	A1 Frequency	A2	OR	P-value
rs6919346	6	160,880,349	LPA	T	0.16	C	1.10	0.4
rs7449650	6	160,957,114	LPA	T	0.46	G	1.06	0.4
rs11751605	6	160,963,230	LPA	C	0.02	T	1.37	0.3
rs7761293	6	160,970,963	LPA	A	0.40	G	0.98	0.7
rs6415084	6	160,980,330	LPA	C	0.50	T	1.15	0.4
rs9365171	6	160,981,736	LPA	A	0.45	C	0.86	0.07
rs6923877	6	160,916,787	LPA	G	0.44	A	0.87	0.1
rs3798221	6	160,918,138	LPA	T	0.33	G	0.96	0.6
rs9355296	6	160,937,983	LPA	A	0.07	G	0.80	0.1
rs13202636	6	161,029,728	LPA	C	0.21	T	1.02	0.8
rs10945682	6	161,069,941	LPA	A	0.32	G	0.93	0.3
rs783149	6	161,088,918	LPA	A	0.20	C	1.09	0.4
rs1084651	6	161,089,817	LPA	A	0.07	G	3.18	0.04
rs1358754	6	161,090,520	LPA	A	0.09	C	0.81	0.5

Abbreviations: SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; A1, minor allele; A2, major allele; OR, odd ratio.