Heel-rise test in the assessment of individuals with peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Participant characteristics (total n = 25)

Number of males/females (%)	14 (56%)/11 (44%)
Age (years)	63.36 ± 9.83
Body mass (kg)	68.77 ± 11.54
Height (m)	1.61 ± 0.09
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.61 ± 3.85
Regular physical activity (%)	72
Arterial hypertension (%)	80
Diabetes mellitus (%)	28
Smokers (%)	40
Exsmokers (%)	48
ABI at rest	0.5 ± 0.14

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ABI, ankle-brachial index.

Table 2 Comparison of the HRT variables between the two performance groups in the SWT

	<380 meters n = 16	≥380 meters n = 9	P
Number of plantar flexions	46.5 ± 21.14 (35.23–57.76)	79.55 ± 29.37 (56.97–102.13)	0.003*
Time	57.5 ± 34.37 (39.18–75.81)	121.55 ± 81.2 (59.13–183.98)	0.009*
Velocity	0.87 ± 0.25 (0.74–1.00)	0.77 ± 0.27 (0.56–0.98)	0.329

Notes: Mean ± standard deviation and confidence interval. <380 meters: distance walked in the SWT < 380 meters; ≥380 meters: distance walked in the SWT greater than or equal to 380 meters.

* P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: HRT, heel-rise test; SWT, Shuttle Walk Test.

Table 3 Comparison of the HRT variables between the classes of the WIQ domain distance

	Class 1 n = 5	Class 2 n = 7	Class 3 n = 6	Class 4 n = 7	F	P
Number of plantar flexions	30.6 ± 12.78 (14.73–46.47)	60.14 ± 26.28 (35.83–84.45)	61.66 ± 29.5 (30.7–92.62)	73.71 ± 29.32 (46.59–100.83)	2.73	0.07
Time	38 ± 14.2 (20.37–55.62)	79.14 ± 44 (38.45–119.83)	76.66 ± 40.87 (33.77–119.56)	115.71 ± 96.2 (26.74–204.68)	1.63	0.21
Velocity	0.81 ± 0.19 (0.57–1.05)	0.82 ± 0.18 (0.66–0.99)	0.84 ± 0.29 (0.53–1.14)	0.87 ± 0.38 (0.52–1.22)	0.05	0.99

Notes: Mean ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. Class 1: < 25%; Class 2: ≥ 25% and < 50; Class 3: ≥ 50% and < 75%; Class 4: ≥ 75%.

Abbreviations: HRT, heel-rise test; WIQ, Walking Impairment Questionnaire.

Table 4 Comparison of the HRT variables between the classes of the WIQ domain velocity

	Class 1 n = 7	Class 2 n = 7	Class 3 n = 6	Class 4 n = 5	F	P
Number of plantar flexions	42.86 ± 25.92 (18.88–66.83)	50.28 ± 23.3 (28.73–71.84)	64.5 ± 27.4 (35.74–93.25)	84.2 ± 28.01 (49.35–119.05)	2.812	0.064
Time	57.43 ± 39.76 (20.65–94.2)	62.86 ± 38.6 (27.15–98.56)	74 ± 99.44 (30.02–117.98)	145.6 ± 99.44 (22.12–269.07)	2.867	0.061
Velocity	0.79 ± 0.16 (0.64–0.93)	0.9 ± 0.33 (0.6–1.2)	0.91 ± 0.25 (0.65–1.17)	0.72 ± 0.31 (0.34–1.1)	0.702	0.562

Notes: Mean ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. Class 1: < 25%; Class 2: ≥ 25% and < 50; Class 3: ≥ 50% and < 75%; Class 4: ≥ 75%.

Abbreviations: HRT, heel-rise test; WIQ, Walking Impairment Questionnaire.

Table 5 Comparison of the HRT variables between the classes of the WIQ domain stairs

	Class 1 n = 6	Class 2 n = 3	Class 3 n = 4	Class 4 n = 12	F	P
Number of plantar flexions	34 ± 13.17 (20.17–47.83)	54.66 ± 20.03 (4.9–104.43)	43.25 ± 20.15 (11.18–75.32)	76.58 ± 27.81* (58.91–94.26)	5.219	0.008
Time	41.5 ± 17.05 (23.6–59.39)	68.66 ± 46.11 (−45.88 to 183.21)	48.75 ± 15.17 (24.6–72.89)	113.66 ± 74.43 (66.38–160.95)	2.784	0.066
Velocity	0.84 ± 0.2 (0.62–1.05)	0.91 ± 0.32 (0.12–1.7)	0.86 ± 0.18 (0.58–1.14)	0.81 ± 0.31 (0.61–1.01)	0.121	0.947

Notes: Mean ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. Class 1: < 25%; Class 2: ≥ 25% and < 50; Class 3: ≥ 50% and < 75%; Class 4: ≥ 75%.

* P < 0.05 comparing 1 versus 4.

Abbreviations: HRT, heel-rise test; WIQ, Walking Impairment Questionnaire.