Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cognitive Impairment Among Stroke Survivors at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Behavioral Factors and Clinical Conditions of Study Participants at UOGCSH, FHCSH and DCSH Amhara Region Ethiopia 2022 (n = 422)

Variable		Frequency	Percentage
Gender	Male	274	64.9%
	Female	148	35.%
Age	18–4	110	26.1%
	46–73	168	39.8%
	73–100	144	34.1%
Place of residence	Urban	289	68.5%
	Rural	133	31.5%
Marital status	Single	17	4.0%
	Married	345	81.8%
	Divorced	45	10.7%
	Widowed	15	3.6%
Religion	Orthodox	258	61.1%
	Protestant	46	10.9%
	Muslim	118	28.0%
Educational level	Illiterate	129	30.6%
	1–6 years	120	28.4%
	>6 years	173	41.0%
Occupation	Unemployed	31	7.4%
	Employed	43	10.2%
	Private worker	204	48.3%
	Retired	144	34.1%
Smoking status	Yes	10	2.3%
	No	412	97.7%
Drinking status	Yes	21	4.9%
	No	401	95.1%
Hypertension	Yes	299	70.9%
	No	123	29.1%
Diabetic mellitus	Yes	46	10.9%
	No	235	55.7%
Type of stroke	Ischemic	161	38.2%
	Hemorrhagic	261	61.8%
Stroke history	First time stroke	148	35.1%
	Recurrent stroke	274	64.9%
Dominant hemisphere lesion	Yes	187	44.3%
	No	235	55.7%
Time to hospital	<6hr	160	37.9%
	6–12hr	100	23.7%
	12–24hr	95	22.5%
	>24hr	67	15.9%
Time after stroke	<3 month	138	32.7%
	3–6 month	151	35.8%
	>6 month	133	31.5%

Figure 1 Time after stroke.

Table 2 The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment of Study Participants Among Different Variables at UOGCSH, FHCSH and DCSH Amhara Region Ethiopia 2022 (n = 422)

Variables	Cognitive Impairment
	Yes	No
Gender
Male	147 (53.6%)	127 (46.4%)
Female	99 (66.9%)	49 (33.1%)
Age
18–45	39 (35.5%)	71 (64.5%)
46–72	106 (63.1%)	62 (36.9%)
73–100	101 (70.1%)	43 (29.9%)
Place of residence
Urban	148 (65.1%)	101 (34.9%)
Rural	58 (43.6%)	75 (56.4%)
Marital status
Single	11 (64.7%)	6 (35.3%)
Married	202 (58.6%)	143 (41.4%)
Divorced	19 (42.2%)	26 (57.8%)
Widowed	14 (93.3%)	1 (6.7%)
Religion
Orthodox	144 (55.8%)	114 (44.2%)
Protestant	22 (47.8%)	24 (52.2%)
Muslim	80 (67.8%)	38 (32.2%)
Occupation
Unemployed	18 (58.1%)	13 (41.9%)
Employed	19 (44.2%)	24 (55.8%)
Private workers	87 (42.6%)	117 (57.4%)
Retired	122 (84.7%)	22 (15.3%)
Educational level
Illiterate	99 (76.7%)	30 (23.3%)
1–6 years	85 (70.8%)	35 (29.2%)
>6years	62 (35.8%)	111 (64.2%)
Smoking
Yes	31 (96.9%)	1 (3.1%)
No	215 (55.1%)	175 (44.9%)
Drinking
Yes	170 (55.6%)	40 (34.5%)
No	76 (65.5%)	136 (44.4%)
Hypertension
Yes	208 (69.6%)	91 (30.4%)
No	38 (30.9%0	85 (69.1%)
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	33 (71.7%)	13 (28.3%)
No	213 (56.6%)	163 (43.4%)
Type of stroke
Ischemic stroke	62 (38.5%)	99 (61.5%)
Hemorrhagic stroke	184 (70.5%)	77 (29.5%)
Stroke history
First time stroke	66 (44.6%)	82 (55.4%)
Recurrent stroke	180 (65.7%)	94 (34.3%)
Dominant hemisphere lesion
Yes	146 (78.1%)	41(21.9%)
No	100 (42.6%)	135(57.4%)
Time to hospital
<6hr	69 (43.1%)	91 (56.9%)
6–12hr	56 (56.0%)	44 (44.0%)
12–24hr	70 (73.7%)	25 (26.3%)
>24hr	51 (76.1%)	16 (23.9%)
Time after stroke
<3 months	99 (71.7%)	39 (28.3%)
3–6 months	101 (66.9%)	50 (31.3%)
>6 months	46 (34.6%)	87 (65.4%)

Table 3 Factors Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Study Participants at UOGCSH, FHCSH and DCSH Amhara Region Ethiopia 2022 (n = 422)

Variable	Cognitive Impairment		OR 95% CI
	NO	YES	COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI
Hypertension
Yes	91	208	5.113 (3.244–8.058)	7.517 (3.457–16.346) ***
No	85	38	1	1
Age
18–45	71	39	1	1
46–72	62	106	3.112 (1.886–5.136)	2.866 (1.290–6.365) *
73–100	43	101	4.276 (2.519–7.258)	7.115 (4.403–11.451) **
Type of stroke
Ischemic	99	62	1	1
Hemorrhagic	77	184	3.816 (2.552–5.773)	0.749 (0.371–1.512)
Time to hospital
<6hr	91	69	1	1
6–12hr	44	56	1.679 (1.014–2.778)	0.901 (0.416–1.951)
12–24	25	70	3.693 (2.123–6.423)	4.283 (1.901–9.652) *
>24hr	16	51	4.204 (2.210–7.7995)	4.328 (1.490–12.054) **
Time after stroke
<3 months	39	99	4.801 (2.869–8.033)	4.871 (2.857–9.323) **
3–6 months	50	101	3.820 (2.335–6.252)	2.866 (1.290–6.365) *
>6 months	87	46	1	1
Diabetic mellitus
Yes	13	33	1.943 (0.991–3.809)	0.808 (0.284–2.300)
No	163	213	1	1
Education level
Illiterate	30	99	5.908 (3.536–9.871)	5.077 (2.256–11.430) **
1–6 years	35	85	4.348 (2.633–7.179)	1.835 (0.500–6.730)
>6 years	111	62	1	1
Stroke history
First time stroke	82	66	1	1
Recurrent stroke	94	180	2.379 (1.581–3.581)	1.273 (0.580–2.791)*
Dominant hemisphere
YES	41	146	4.807 (3.120–7.407)	4.832 (3.943–12.194) **
NO	135	`100	1	1

Notes: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001,1=reference category.

Data Sharing Statement

The data of this study can be available for reasonable request from the corresponding author.