Assessment of Lower Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis: Characterization and Associated Risk Factors Using Triplex Doppler Imaging

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population

Character	Frequency	Percent %
Age groups
10–20 years	3	5.0
21–30 years	6	10.0
31–40 years	12	20.0
41–50 years	19	31.7
51–60 years	4	6.7
>60	16	26.7
Gender
Males	24	40.0
Females	36	60.0

Figure 1 Characterization of lower limb DVTs in the study sample.

Figure 2 Laterality of lower limb DVTs in the study sample.

Figure 3 Lower limb thrombosed veins and characterization of DVTs.

Table 2 Clinical History of Lower Limb DVTs in the Study Sample

Risks	Frequency	Percent %
Trauma	8	13.3
Coronary arterial disease	3	5.0
Bed ridden	4	6.7
Obesity	9	15.0
Coronary disease	4	6.7
HTN and DM	6	10.0
Malignancy	8	13.3
Pregnant	4	6.7
CVA	2	3.3
Surgery	6	10.0
Down syndrome	2	3.3
DM	2	3.3
HTN	2	3.3
Total	60	100.0

Table 3 Clinical Symptoms of Patients Diagnosed with Lower Limb DVT

Symptoms	Frequency	Percent %
Pain	19	31.7
Pain and swelling	15	25.0
Swelling	14	23.3
Swelling, tenderness, pain	4	6.7
Calf pain	3	5.0
Swelling and tenderness	5	8.3
Total	60	100.0

Table 4 Distribution of DVT Sites Within Lower Limb Veins in the Study Sample

Site of DVT	Frequency	Percent%
Left superficial FV and left popliteal veins	5	8.3
Left popliteal vein and left CFV	8	13.3
Right anterior tibial vein	1	1.7
Bilateral CFV	2	3.3
Bilateral popliteal veins	4	6.7
Right popliteal vein	2	3.3
Right common iliac vein	1	1.7
Left anterior tibial vein	2	3.3
Left CFV	4	6.7
Left popliteal vein	7	11.7
Left CFV, superficial FV, and left popliteal veins	12	20.0
External iliac vein and common iliac vein	2	3.3
Left (Common iliac vein and common femoral vein and superficial femoral vein, popliteal, posterior tibial veins)	2	3.3
Left external iliac vein	2	3.3
Left superficial FV	3	5.0
Anterior and posterior tibial veins	3	5.0
Total	60	100.0

Table 5 Logistic Regression Analysis for Risk Factors of Lower Limb DVTs

Variables	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Age	1.01 (0.982–1.042)	1.27 (0.858–1.883)
Trauma	1.60(0.359–7.130)	2.30 (0.452–11.658)
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension	1.00 (0.250–3.998)	1.53 (0.335–6.969)
Malignancy	1.60 (0.359–7.130)	2.84 (0.518–15.513)
Surgery	1.57 (0.290–8.527)	2.66 (0.411–17.281)