Suboptimal Knowledge and Care of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Nurses Working in Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 252)

Variables	Categories	Frequency (N)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Male	108	42.9
	Female	144	57.1
Educational level	BSc. Degree	213	84.5
	MSc. Degree	39	15.5
Working department	ICU	32	12.7
	ED	100	39.7
	CCU	120	47.6
Year of work experience	Entry-level	79	31.3
	Intermediate-level	127	50.4
	Mid-level	31	12.3
	Senior -Level	15	6.0
Inservice attended training	No	192	76.2
	Yes	60	23.8
Presence of clinical practice guidelines	No	221	87.7
	Yes	31	12.3
Presence of diagnostic resources	No	183	72.6
	Yes	69	27.4
Presence of treatment resources	No	174	69.0
	Yes	78	31.0

Abbreviations: ICU, Intensive care unit; CCU, Cardiac Care Unit; ED, Emergency Department.

Table 2 Nurses’ Knowledge of Acute Coronary Syndrome (N = 252)

No	Variables	Nurses’ Responses
		Correct		Incorrect
		N	%	N	%
1	Acute Coronary Syndrome is a condition that encompasses heart attack and unstable angina.	188	74.6	64	25.4
2	ST-elevation of myocardial infarction in ACS is an indication of a totally occluded artery on ECG	109	43.3	143	56.7
3	Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for ACS	172	68.3	80	31.7
4	Chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and nausea are signs and symptoms of ACS	131	52.0	121	48.0
5	ECG, Cardiac markers, and Echocardiography are common diagnostic tests for ACS	123	48.8	129	51.2
6	The substernal chest is the most common site of chest pain in Acute Coronary Syndrome	107	42.5	145	57.5
7	Chest pain caused by Acute Coronary Syndrome can come on suddenly.	125	49.6	127	50.4
8	Depression and anxiety are common psychosocial features influenced by ACS	142	56.3	110	43.7
9	Aspirin and Heparin are used as the initial treatment for patients with ACS	119	47.2	133	52.8
10	Benzodiazepines and morphine are given during ACS	129	51.2	123	48.8
11	High Fowler position is a comfortable position for a patient with ACS	193	76.6	59	23.4
12	An immediate invasive strategy (<2 hours) is recommended in patients with heart failure-related non-ST-elevation ACS	56	22.2	196	77.8
13	Eating fruits, getting regular exercise, and quit smoking are preventive methods for ACS	155	61.5	97	38.5
14	Administering oxygen along with medication therapy is the role of nurse in the management of ACS	185	73.4	67	26.6
15	Heart failure, hemodynamic disturbance, and sudden deaths are common complications of ACS	156	61.1	96	38.1

Abbreviations: ACS, Acute Coronary Syndrome; ECG, Electrocardiograph.

Figure 1 Overall knowledge of nurses regarding the care of Acute Coronary Syndrome (n=252).

Table 3 The Mean of Practice Sub-Scale Responses by Study Participants (N = 252)

Nurses Practice in:	Mean ± SD
Assessing and reducing pain	3.14 ±1,19
Assessing and reducing Anxiety	2.67 ± 1.29
Monitoring and managing potential complications	3. 09 ± 1.35
Providing nutritional advice	3.03 ± 1.27
Providing of counseling	2.96± 1.35
Risk factor and chronic disease advice	2.55± 1.53
Administering medication	3.42±1.39
Providing information for follow-up care	3.67± 1.06
Total	3.07 ± 0.88

Figure 2 Overall practice of nurses regarding the care of Acute Coronary Syndrome (N=252).

Table 4 Knowledge of Nurses and Associated Factors Regarding the Care of ACS (N=252)

Variables	Categories	Nurses’ Practice		95% of the Confidence -Interval (CI)
		Poor	Good	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Educational level	BSc. Degree	115(54.0%)	98(46.0%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	MSc. Degree	6(15.4%)	33(84.6%)	6.454(2.596–16.044)	<0.001	3.801(1.314–10.996)	0.014
Working department	ICU	8(25.0%)	24(75.0%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	ED	58(58.0%)	42(42.0%)	0.241(0.099–0.590)	0.002	0.719(0.234–2.206)	0.564
	CCU	55(45.8%)	65(54.2%)	0.394(0.164–0.947)	0.037	1.171(0.391–3.509)	0.778
Attending in-service training	No	97(50.5%)	95(49.5%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	24(40.0%)	36(60.0%)	1.532(0.850–2.760)	0.156	1.340(0.704–2.549)	0.372
Presence of clinical practice guidelines	No	119(53.8%)	102(46.2%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	2(6.5%)	29(93.5%)	16.917 (3.940–72.631)	<0.001	10.998(2.478–48.805)	0.002
Presence of diagnostic resources	No	96(52.5%)	87(47.5%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	25(36.2%)	44(63.8%)	1.942(1.098–3.435)	0.023	1.245(0.596–2.601)	0.560
Presence of treatment resource	No	90(51.7%)	84(48.3%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	31(39.7%)	47(60.3%)	1.624(0.944–2.794)	0.080	1.172(0.581–2.368)	0.657

Abbreviations: AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; COR, Crude Odd Ration; CI, Confidence Intervals; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; ED, Emergency Department; CCU, Cardiac Care Unit.

Table 5 The Practice of Nurses and Associated Factors Regarding the Care of ACS (N= 252)

Variables	Categories	Nurses Practice		95% OF THE Confidence Interval (CI)
		Poor	Good	COR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Educational level	BSc. Degree	131(61.5%)	82(38.5%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	MSc. Degree	10(25.6%)	29(74.4%)	4.633(2.633–10.005)	<0.001	4.258(1.676–10.820)	0.002
Working department	ICU	12(37.5%)	20(62.5%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Emergency	58(58.0%)	42(42.0%)	0.434(0.192–0.985)	0.046	1.162(0.399–3.387)	0.783
	CCU	71(59.2%)	49(40.8%)	0.414(0.186–0.924)	0.031	1.079(3.383–3.039)	0.886
Work experience	Entry level	50(63.3%)	49(40.8%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Intermediate level	71(55.9%)	56(44.1%)	1.360(0.764–2.420)	0.296	1.419(0.767–2.627)	0.265
	Mid-level	14(45.2%)	17(54.8%)	2.094(0.902–4.861)	0.086	1.827(0.727–4.590)	0.200
	Senior-level	6(40.0%)	9(60.0%)	2.586(0.836–8.004)	0.099	1.871(0.516–6.786)	0.341
Attending in-service training	No	116(60.4%)	76(39.6%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	25(41.7%)	35(58.3%)	2.137(1.186–3.851)	0.012	1.902(1.022–3.539)	0.042
Presence of clinical guidelines	No	128(57.9%)	93(42.1%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	13(41.9%)	18(58.1%)	1.906 (0.890–4.082)	0.097	1.136(0.456–2.830)	0.785
Presence of diagnostic resource	No	108(59.0%)	75(41.0%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	33(47.4%)	41(52.6%)	1.571(0.900–2.741)	0.112	0.967(0.478–1.954)	0.924
Presence of treatment resource	No	104(59.8%)	70(40.2%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Yes	37(47.4%)	41(52.6%)	1.646(0.961–2.819)	0.069	1.256(0.641–2.462)	0.506
Nurses’ knowledge	Poor	74(61.2%)	47(38.8%)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
	Good	67(51.1%)	64(48.9%)	1.504(0.911–2.482)	0.110	1.075(0.601–1.921)	0.808

Abbreviations: AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; COR, Crude Odd Ration; CI, Confidence Intervals.