Current and future initiatives for vascular health management in clinical practice

Figures & data

Equation 1 The mathematical relationship between PWV and vessel distensibility and wall stiffness.

Abbreviations: PWV, pulse-wave velocity; E, stiffness (Young’s Modulus in Nm⁻²); V, volume; P, pressure; h, wall thickness; R, vessel radius; ζ, blood density.

Figure 1 The cyclical interrelation of aortic stiffness, myocardial performance, and functional capacity.

Table 1 Summary of potential treatment strategies relating to arterial stiffness

Lifestyle	Pharmaceutical
	Currently available	New
• Exercise	• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors	• Resveratrol
• Salt restriction		• Elastase inhibitors
• Calorie reduction	• Angiotensin receptor blockers	• MMP inhibitors
		• Cross-link breakers
	• Statins
	• L-arginine
	• Hormonal therapies

Abbreviation: MMP, matrix-metaloproteinase.