Appropriate Use of Primary Statin Preventive Therapy Among Patients with High Atherosclerosis-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Cross-Sectional Study, Northeast Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with High ASCVD Risk at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical Follow-Up Clinic, from February 01 to May 30/2023 (n=389)

Variable (n=389)		Appropriate Primary Statin Therapy				Total
		Yes (n=167)		No (n=222)		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)	Frequency(n)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Male	76	45.51	92	41.44	168	43.2
	Female	91	54.49	130	58.56	221	56.8
Educational status	Cannot read and write	34	20.73	47	21.17	81	20.98
	Read and write	34	20.73	54	24.32	88	22.8
	Primary	17	10.37	21	9.46	38	9.84
	Secondary	28	27.08	25	11.26	53	13.73
	College and above	51	31.1	75	33.78	126	32.64
	Orthodox	118	70.66	159	71.62	277	71.21
Religion	Muslim	31	18.56	41	18.47	72	18.50
	Protestant	11	6.59	17	7.66	28	7.20
	Catholic	7	4.19	5	2.25	12	3.08
Marital status	Single	18	10.78	39	17.57	57	14.65
	Married	119	71.26	146	65.77	265	68.12
	Divorced	13	7.78	20	9.01	33	8.48
	Widowed	17	10.18	17	7.66	34	8.74
Residency	Rural	105	62.87	130	58.56	154	39.59
	Urban	62	37.13	92	41.44	235	60.41
Occupation	Farmer	57	54.13	68	30.63	125	32.13
	Gov’t employee	48	28.74	70	31.53	117	30.08
	Merchant	40	23.95	33	14.86	73	18.77
	House wife	19	11.38	42	18.92	61	15.68
	Others	3	1.8	9	4.05	13	3.34

Abbreviation: ASCVD, Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.

Table 2 Socioeconomic and Behavioural Factors of Patients with High ASCVD Risk at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical Follow-Up Clinic, from February 01 to May 30/2023 (n=389)

Variable (n=389)		Appropriate Primary Statin Therapy				Total
		Yes (n=167)		No (n=222)		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Smoking history	Never	159	95.21	209	94.9	368	94.60
	Yes (past/current)	8	4.79	13	5.85	21	5.4
Monthly income	Less than 3550	51	30.54	85	38.29	136	34.96
	3551–6000	53	31.74	51	22.97	104	26.74
	60,001–11,300	61	36.53	77	34.68	138	35.48
	> 11,300	2	1.2	9	4.05	11	2.83
Health insurance	Yes	110	65.56	178	80.1	288	74.1
	No	57	34.44	44	19.9	101	25.9

Abbreviation: ASCVD, Atherosclerosis related cardiovascular diseases.

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with High ASCVD Risk at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Follow-Up Clinic, from February 01 to May 30/2023 (n=389)

Variable (n=389)		Appropriate Primary Statin Therapy				Total
		Yes (n=167)		No (n=222)		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
DM	Yes	72	43.11	56	25.23	128	32.90
	No	95	56.83	166	74.77	261	67.10
Duration of DM	Mean with SD	8.05 ±0.42
Type of diabetes	Type 1	14	14.44	12	21.43	26	20.31
	Type 2	58	80.56	44	78.57	102	79.69
DM complication	Yes	27	37.5	29	51.79	56	43.75
	No	45	62.5	27	48.21	72	56.25
CKD	Yes	22	13.17	14	6.31	36	9.25
	No	145	86.83	208	93.69	353	90.75
HTN	Yes	93	55.69	91	40.99	184	47.30
	No	74	44.31	131	59.01	205	52.70
Comorbidity other than DM and HTN	Yes	65	38.92	68	30.63	133	34.19
	No	102	61.08	154	69.37	263	65.81
FBS	Controlled	44	61.11	26	46.43	70	54.69
	Uncontrolled	28	38.89	30	53.57	58	45.31
History of Hospitalization	Yes	125	74.85	44	19.82	169	43.44
	No	42	25.15	178	80.18	220	56.56
Treating physician	Internist	102	61.08	39	17.57	151	38.82
	GP	65	38.92	183	82.43	238	61.18
Follow-up status	Regular	104	62.28	123	55.41	162	41.6
	Irregular	63	37.72	99	44.59	227	58.4

Abbreviations: ASCVD, Atherosclerosis related Cardiovascular Diseases; CKD, Chronic Kidney Diseases; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; FBS, Fasting Blood Sugar; GP, General Practitioner; HTN, Hypertension.

Figure 1 Primary statin preventive therapy status of patients with ASCVD risk at the Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital follow-up clinic from February 01 to May 30/2023 (n=389).

Figure 2 Primary statin preventive therapy status by indication of patients with ASCVD risk at the Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital follow-up clinic from February 01 to May 30/2023 (n=389).

Table 4 Binary and Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Predictor Variables of High ASCVD Risk Patients at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Follow-Up Clinic, from February 01 to May 30/2023 (N=389)

Variables (n=389)		Statin Preventive Therapy		Crude OR with 95% CI	Adjusted OR with 95% CI	P value
		Yes	No
Age				1.031(0.016–1.046)	1.012(0.972–1.061)	0.489
Duration of DM				1.281(1.156–1.420)	1.33(1.1569–1.528)	0.001*
DM complication	Yes	27	29	0.558(0.274–1.134)	0.446(0.166–1.197)	0.109
	No	45	27
FBS control	Controlled	44	26	1.813(0.893–3.678)	0.446(0.166–1.197)	0.109
	Uncontrolled	28	30
CKD	Yes	22	14	2.254(1.116–4.552)	0.732(0.128–4.186)	0.726
	No	145	208
Other comorbidities	Yes	65	68	1.443(0.946–2.201)	1.145(0.400–3.275)	0.801
	No	102	154
Treating Physician	Internist	82	69	2.139(1.411–3.241)	3.875(1.368–10.969)	0.011 *
	GP	85	153
Hospitalization	Yes	104	40	7.51(4.723–11.942)	2.04(0.763–5.453)	0.155
	No	63	182
Follow-up	Regular	104	123	1.32(0.881–2.001)	3.113(1.029–9.417)	0.044 *
	Irregular	63	99
Other medication	Yes	108	112	1.79(1.190–2.714)	1.145(0.400–3.275)	0.801
	No	59	110
Ten-year risk score				1.11(1.0659–1.158)	1.126(1.021–1.243)	0.018*

Note: *Indicates variables having significant association with primary statin preventive therapy at P value <0.05.

Abbreviations: ASCVD, Atherosclerosis related Cardiovascular Diseases; CKD, Chronic Kidney Diseases; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; FBS, Fasting Blood Sugar; GP, General Practitioner; OR, Odds Ratio.