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Original Research

Lifetime opiate exposure as an independent and interactive cardiovascular risk factor in males: a cross-sectional clinical study

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Pages 551-561 | Published online: 02 Oct 2013

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic parameters

Table 2 Selected cardiovascular parameters

Figure 1 Aging indices by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Abbreviations: CA, chronologic age; RA, reference age.
Figure 1 Aging indices by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Figure 2 Arterial stiffness by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Notes: *** denotes P < 0.0001 and ** denotes P < 0.005.
Abbreviations: CA, chronologic age; PPAmpRatio, peripheral pulse pressure amplification ratio.
Figure 2 Arterial stiffness by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Figure 3 Central pressures by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Notes: * denotes P < 0.05 and ** denotes P < 0.01. Significance results for central mean and end systolic pressures relate to chronologic age: opiate status interaction.
Figure 3 Central pressures by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Figure 4 Central timing indices by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Notes: * denotes P < 0.05 and ** denotes P < 0.01. Significance result indicated for central diastolic duration relates to age: addictive status interaction.
Figure 4 Central timing indices by chronologic age by opiate dependency status.

Table 3 Age dependent multiple regression of central cardiovascular parameters

Table 4 Final model of cardiovascular risk factors